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COM - Repro > Ovarian And Menstrual Cycles - 2/23 Cole > Flashcards

Ovarian And Menstrual Cycles - 2/23 Cole Flashcards

1
Q

Primary oocytes are held in what phase of meiosis until when?

A

Prophase I until ovulation

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2
Q

Secondary oocytes are held in what phase until what?

A

Metaphase II until fertilization

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3
Q

What is located in the cortex of uterus?

Medulla?

A

Oocyte containing follicles

Stroma and blood supply

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4
Q

What happens in the follicular phase?

A

Growth of dominant follicle

Primordial to tertiary (Graafian) follicle

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5
Q

What happens in the ovulation phase?

A

Oocyte ruptures out of Graafian follicle

LH surge

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6
Q

What happens in the Luteal phase?

A

CL forms, secretes progesterone and estrogen

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7
Q

The 1st primordial follicle is a primary oocyte surrounded by what tissue?

Before or after puberty?

A

Squamous epithelium

Before puberty, inactive follicle

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8
Q

The early primary or unilayered follicle has what kind of tissue?

What else is happening?

A

Single layer of cuboidal follicular epithelium

ZP begins to form

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9
Q

The late primary or multilayered follicle is what kind of tissue?

What is happening?

A

Several layers of cuboidal follicular epithelium

ZP forms glycoprotein coat

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10
Q

What does the ovarian stroma differentiate into?

A

Theca interna - squamous cells

Theca externa - capsule-like layer w/ct of ovary

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11
Q

What appears between follicular cells in the secondary follicle?

What is the fluid?

A

Fluid-filled cavities: Call-Exner bodies

Liquor folliculi

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12
Q

What is the liquor folliculi rich in?

A

Hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

How do you know it is a secondary follicle?

A

Antrum present

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14
Q

What has developed in a tertiary (Graafian) Follicle?

A

Corona Radiata

Cumulus Oophorus

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the tertiary follicle

A

Antrum occupies most of the space

Oocyte displaced to 1 side

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16
Q

What is expressed in granulosa cells to inhibit formation of other follicles?

A

AMH

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17
Q

PCOS results from what?

Especially what?

Clinical manifestations?

A

Disrupted folliculogenesis due to defect in paracrine oocyte-granulosa cells signaling mechanism

AMH

Abnormal menstruation, hairy, acne, obesity

18
Q

What becomes the corpus hemorrhagicum?

A

Blood vessels of the Theca interna invade the antrum to become it

19
Q

What is Mittelschmerz?

What can it mimic?

A

Mid-cycle pain due to ovulation

Appendicitis

20
Q

How do estrogens affect tubal motility?

Progesterone?

A

Stimulate

Inhibit

21
Q

What is stimulus to retain corpus luteum?

Fx of CL?

A

hCG

Synthesize and secrete steroid hormones

22
Q

what does the CL consist of and what do those things make?

A

Follicular (Granulosa) cells make Estrogen

Theca cells make androstenedione and progesterone

23
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

Dense CT scar formed from degeneration of CL

24
Q

What is the functional layer of the endometrium?

Basal layer?

A

Stratum functionalis

Stratum basalis

25
Q

What kind of tissue is endometrium?

What are the components of it?

A

Simple columnar

Lamina propria
Fibroblasts
Ground substance
Type III collagen

26
Q

Describe the stratum functionalis

A

Proliferates and sloughs off during menstruation
Hormone sensitive
Cyclical changes

27
Q

The myometrium has 3 layers of smooth m. Which layer is special?

What does it have?

A

Middle layer

Arcuate arteries “stratum vasculare”

28
Q

What does the uterine artery give off in the myometrium?

What does this branch into and what do they supply?

A

Arcuate a.

Straight a. To stratum basalis
Spiral (helical) a. To stratum functionalis

29
Q

What are Leiomyomas?

What do they arise from?

A

Uterine fibroid benign tumors

Overgrowth of smooth m. And cT

30
Q

Uterine artery embolization uses what?

How does it work?

A

Polyvinyal alcohol (PVA)

DEC blood flow to uterus and fibroids

31
Q

Describe the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Functional layer begins to thicken
Spiral arteries are short and deep
Endometrial glands are short, straight, empty

32
Q

Describe the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Functional layer very thick
Spiral arteries long and grow superficially in the endometrium
Endometrial glands are tortuous and filled with glycogen-rich secretory products

33
Q

Describe the menstrual phase

A

Spiral arteries begin contracting to the junction of straight arteries -> DEC O2 -> necrosis

Neutrophils and lymphocytes inflitrate

34
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually the tubes, ovary and peritoneal lining of abdomen and pelvis

35
Q

What is the cause of Dysmenorrhea?

A

PGE2 and PGF2alpha released from endometrial cells -> stimulate uterine contraction leads to pain

36
Q

What causes PMDS?

Males or females?

A

Defect in AMH gene or AMHR2 receptor

Males

37
Q

Turner’s syndrome 45X will have what?

A

Atrophic ovaries

38
Q

The Transformation zone is the most common site for what?

The change of epithelium is from what to what?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Simple squamous to stratified squamous non-keratinized

39
Q

Invasive cancer is described by what?

A

Proliferating epithelial cells cross the basal lamina into the underlying CT

40
Q

What are most cervical cancers related to?

A

HPV 16 and 18

41
Q

When does meiosis begin?

What is happening?

A

8-9 weeks gestation

Primordial oocyte -> primary oocyte

COM - Repro (15 decks)

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