Placenta Flashcards
blastocyst
an inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo + the outer layer( the trophoblast) surrounding the fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoele
Collectively, this is an inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo + the outer layer( the trophoblast) surrounding the fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoele.
blastocyst
chorionic villi
part of the border btw the maternal and fetal blood
These form part of the border btw the maternal and fetal blood.
chorionic villi
cotyledon
The maternal surface is divided by septa into cotyledons
Each cotyledon contains several main stem villi with many branching villi.
The maternal surface is divided by septa into ______;
each contains several main stem villi with many branching villi.
cotyledon
cytotrophoblast
the inner layer of the trophoblast; the stem cells; important for implantation
This is the inner layer of the trophoblast; the stem cells; important for implantation.
cytotrophoblast
decidua
the endometrium during pregnancy
This is the term for the endometrium during pregnancy.
decidua
diffusion-limited transport
cross the placenta slowly
depends on the rate of movement across the syncytiotrophoblast membranes
ex: oxygen
Substances subject to ______ cross the placenta relatively slowly. The rate-limiting step is the rate of movement across the syncytiotrophoblast membranes between the intervillous space and the fetal capillaries.
diffusion-limited transport
flow-limited transport
cross the placenta more rapidly
dependent on plasma concentration and the rate of blood flow
For substances that cross the placenta more rapidly, transport is dependent on plasma concentration and the rate of blood flow. This ______ can be affected by several factors, including changes in uterine blood flow and therefore placental perfusion.
flow-limited transport
human placental lactogen (hPL)
a counter-regulatory (anti-insulin) hormone
contributes to the increased insulin resistance seen in pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes
This is a counter-regulatory (anti-insulin) hormone that contributes to the increased insulin resistance seen in pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes.
human placental lactogen (hPL)
intervillous space
the space between the villi containing the vessels of the mother and the embryo
This is the space between the villi containing the vessels of the mother and the embryo.
intervillous space
oligohydramnios
a subnormal volume of amniotic fluid
This is a subnormal volume of amniotic fluid.
oligohydramnios
polyhydramnios
a supernormal volume of amniotic fluid
This is a supernormal volume of amniotic fluid.
polyhydramnios
rupture of membranes
aka amniorrhexis
rupture of the amniotic sac
Aka amniorrhexis, this is the rupture of the amniotic sac.
rupture of membranes
syncytiotrophoblast
the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother
This is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother.
syncytiotrophoblast
trophoblast
a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming the major part of the placenta
This is a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming the major part of the placenta.
trophoblast
Maternal blood comes in direct contact with ______.
fetal trophoblasts (but not fetal blood)
Once the blastocyst attaches to the endometrium, the _______ proliferates.
trophectoderm
A primary villus consists of a _______.
cytotrophoblast core surrounded by syncytiotrophoblasts
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has different _____ chains than adult hemoglobin A (HbA).
beta-like
The functional difference between HbF and HbA is that at any oxygen tension and pH fetal erythrocytes _____.
have a greater affinity for oxygen than adult erythrocytes
Fetal erythrocytes have a lower concentration of ______ than maternal erythrocytes.
2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
hCG is made by ______ cells and maintains the corpus luteum.
trophoblast
_____ is made by trophoblast cells and maintains the corpus luteum.
hCG
Since ____ is not transported across the placenta, any found in fetal blood has been produced by the fetus and may represent a response to a congenital infection.
IgM
Transport of _____ to the Rh factor is what causes fetal immune hydrops in an Rh+ fetus in an isoimmunized Rh- mother.
IgG
