Placenta

Question 1

blastocyst

Answer 1

an inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo + the outer layer( the trophoblast) surrounding the fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoele

Question 2

Collectively, this is an inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo + the outer layer( the trophoblast) surrounding the fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoele.

Answer 2

blastocyst

Question 3

chorionic villi

Answer 3

part of the border btw the maternal and fetal blood

Question 4

These form part of the border btw the maternal and fetal blood.

Answer 4

chorionic villi

Question 5

cotyledon

Answer 5

The maternal surface is divided by septa into cotyledons

Each cotyledon contains several main stem villi with many branching villi.

Question 6

The maternal surface is divided by septa into ______;

each contains several main stem villi with many branching villi.

Answer 6

cotyledon

Question 7

cytotrophoblast

Answer 7

the inner layer of the trophoblast; the stem cells; important for implantation

Question 8

This is the inner layer of the trophoblast; the stem cells; important for implantation.

Answer 8

cytotrophoblast

Question 9

decidua

Answer 9

the endometrium during pregnancy

Question 10

This is the term for the endometrium during pregnancy.

Answer 10

decidua

Question 11

diffusion-limited transport

Answer 11

cross the placenta slowly
depends on the rate of movement across the syncytiotrophoblast membranes
ex: oxygen

Question 12

Substances subject to ______ cross the placenta relatively slowly. The rate-limiting step is the rate of movement across the syncytiotrophoblast membranes between the intervillous space and the fetal capillaries.

Answer 12

diffusion-limited transport

Question 13

flow-limited transport

Answer 13

cross the placenta more rapidly

dependent on plasma concentration and the rate of blood flow

Question 14

For substances that cross the placenta more rapidly, transport is dependent on plasma concentration and the rate of blood flow. This ______ can be affected by several factors, including changes in uterine blood flow and therefore placental perfusion.

Answer 14

flow-limited transport

Question 15

human placental lactogen (hPL)

Answer 15

a counter-regulatory (anti-insulin) hormone

contributes to the increased insulin resistance seen in pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes

Question 16

This is a counter-regulatory (anti-insulin) hormone that contributes to the increased insulin resistance seen in pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes.

Answer 16

human placental lactogen (hPL)

Question 17

intervillous space

Answer 17

the space between the villi containing the vessels of the mother and the embryo

Question 18

This is the space between the villi containing the vessels of the mother and the embryo.

Answer 18

intervillous space

Question 19

oligohydramnios

Answer 19

a subnormal volume of amniotic fluid

Question 20

This is a subnormal volume of amniotic fluid.

Answer 20

oligohydramnios

Question 21

polyhydramnios

Answer 21

a supernormal volume of amniotic fluid

Question 22

This is a supernormal volume of amniotic fluid.

Answer 22

polyhydramnios

Question 23

rupture of membranes

Answer 23

aka amniorrhexis

rupture of the amniotic sac

Question 24

Aka amniorrhexis, this is the rupture of the amniotic sac.

Answer 24

rupture of membranes

Question 25

syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 25

the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother

Question 26

This is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother.

Answer 26

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 27

trophoblast

Answer 27

a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming the major part of the placenta

Question 28

This is a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming the major part of the placenta.

Answer 28

trophoblast

Question 29

Maternal blood comes in direct contact with ______.

Answer 29

fetal trophoblasts (but not fetal blood)

Question 30

Once the blastocyst attaches to the endometrium, the _______ proliferates.

Answer 30

trophectoderm

Question 31

A primary villus consists of a _______.

Answer 31

cytotrophoblast core surrounded by syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 32

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has different _____ chains than adult hemoglobin A (HbA).

Answer 32

beta-like

Question 33

The functional difference between HbF and HbA is that at any oxygen tension and pH fetal erythrocytes _____.

Answer 33

have a greater affinity for oxygen than adult erythrocytes

Question 34

Fetal erythrocytes have a lower concentration of ______ than maternal erythrocytes.

Answer 34

2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)

Question 35

hCG is made by ______ cells and maintains the corpus luteum.

Answer 35

trophoblast

Question 36

_____ is made by trophoblast cells and maintains the corpus luteum.

Answer 36

hCG

Question 37

Since ____ is not transported across the placenta, any found in fetal blood has been produced by the fetus and may represent a response to a congenital infection.

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

Transport of _____ to the Rh factor is what causes fetal immune hydrops in an Rh+ fetus in an isoimmunized Rh- mother.

Answer 38

IgG