Implantation

Question 1

Implantation refers specifically to the attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine lining, which occurs ______.

Answer 1

approximately 6 or 7 days after conception

Question 2

Implantation refers specifically to ______, which occurs approximately 6 or 7 days after conception.

Answer 2

the attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine lining

Question 3

Implantation requires a direct and coordinated interaction between the blastocyst, specifically the outer _____, and the hormonally primed lining of the uterine cavity.

Answer 3

trophectoderm

Question 4

What is blastocyst hatching? When does it occur?

Answer 4

is the process when the blastocyst “escapes” from the zona pellucida
around day 6-7 after ovulation

Question 5

______ is the process where by the endometrial stromal cells, fibroblasts, are transformed into round decidual cells.

Answer 5

Decidualization

Question 6

This is the process when the blastocyst “escapes” from the zona pellucida around day 6-7 after ovulation.

Answer 6

blastocyst hatching

Question 7

What is decidualization?

Answer 7

the process where by the endometrial stromal cells, fibroblasts, are transformed into round decidual cells

Question 8

Decidualization is dependent upon ____ and ____.

Answer 8

progesterone

cAMP

Question 9

The ______ layer resides under the implanting embryo.

Answer 9

decidua basalis

Question 10

The _____ layer overlies the embryo.

Answer 10

decidua capsularis

Question 11

The _______ layer covers the remainder of the uterine surface.

Answer 11

decidua parietalis

Question 12

There is only a finite period of time that the epithelium lining of the uterus is prepared to accept the implantation of the blastocyst. This occurs at day _____ of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 12

20-24

Question 13

The _______ of the blastocyst produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which maintains the corpus luteum and therefore the progesterone.

Answer 13

trophoectoderm

Question 14

The trophectoderm of the blastocyst produces ______, which maintains the corpus luteum and therefore the progesterone.

Answer 14

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 15

hCG is closely related to what other hormone?

Answer 15

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 16

hCG also has _____ and ______ properties and likely is critical for implantation.

Answer 16

immunosuppressive

growth-promoting

Question 17

Other immunosuppressive factors produced by the pre-implantation embryo are ______ and ______.

Answer 17

early pregnancy factor (EPF)

platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Question 18

The first stage of implantation is _____.

Answer 18

Apposition

Question 19

What is apposition?

Answer 19

the first stage of implantation; a loose unstable connection between the trophectoderm and the endometrial lining

Question 20

What is the 2nd stage of implantation?

Answer 20

adhesion

Question 21

What is adhesion?

Answer 21

the 2nd stage of implantation; a stronger connection created by ligand-receptor interactions via integrins and heparins

Question 22

What 2 ligand-receptor molecules are important for adhesion in implantation?

Answer 22

integrins

heparins

Question 23

What side of the blastocyst embeds first?

Answer 23

the inner cell mass side

Question 24

What is the 3rd phase of implantation?

Answer 24

invasion

Question 25

What is invasion?

Answer 25

when the trophoblastic cells rapidly proliferate and

differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

Question 26

The ______ extend long protrusions and secrete tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which interferes
with the expression of cadherins and ß-catenin, thereby assisting with the dislodgement of the epithelial cells.

Answer 26

syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 27

The syncytiotrophoblasts extend long protrusions and secrete _____, which interferes with the expression of cadherins and ß-catenin, thereby assisting with the dislodgement of the epithelial cells.

Answer 27

tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),

Question 28

The syncytiotrophoblasts extend long protrusions and secrete tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which interferes
with the expression of ______, thereby assisting with the dislodgement of the epithelial cells.

Answer 28

cadherins and ß-catenin

Question 29

Implantation most frequently occurs in the _____ of the uterus.

Answer 29

upper posterior wall in the midsagittal plane

Question 30

If implantation occurs near the cervix then a _____ can occur.

Answer 30

placenta previa

Question 31

If the implantation site occurs over the site of a prior uterine scar then ______ may develop.

Answer 31

placenta accreta