Normal Breast Flashcards
______ can impair the ability to lactate as well as mom’s ability to mobilize energy for milk production.
Obesity
Milk product synthesis is initiated during pregnancy by the actions of ____ or _____, but milk secretion is held in check by high progesterone levels.
prolactin or placental lactogen
What comprises the majority of a non-lactating breast?
intRAglandular fat
Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with _____, induce elongation and branching of the ductal network by increasing IGF-1 production by stromal cells.
GH
The secretion of ______ during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle brings about side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development.
progesterone
______ is a rare condition in adolescent girls in which the breasts (usually both, rarely only one) markedly enlarge due to hormonal stimulation.
Juvenile hypertrophy (virginal hypertrophy)
Milk product synthesis is initiated during pregnancy by the actions of prolactin or placental lactogen, but milk secretion is held in check by ______.
high progesterone levels
Lymphatic drainage of breast is to the______ lymph nodes.
axillary, supraclavicular and mediastinal
The normal male breast differs in structure from the female breast in that _____.
there are no tubules (acini)
What effect does estrogen have on the breast?
elongation and branching
What breast cell layer is lost in invasive breast CA?
the myoepithelial cells
Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with GH, induce _______ of the ductal network by increasing IGF-1 production by stromal cells.
elongation and branching
The terminal duct branches into a grapelike cluster of small acini (tubules) to form a _____.
lobule
What comprises the majority of a lactating breast?
glandular tissue
The secretion of progesterone during the _____ phase of the menstrual cycle brings about side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development.
luteal
Milk ejection is regulated by _______, which stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells that form a basket-like network around alveoli.
oxytocin
Increased estrogen levels during puberty, in combination with GH, induce elongation and branching of the ductal network by increasing _____ production by stromal cells.
IGF-1
What kind of cell overlies the breast and dips into the nipple orifice?
keratinizing squamous epithelium
The terminal duct branches into a grapelike cluster of small _____ to form a lobule.
acini (tubules)
______ is required to maintain post-partum prolactin levels.
Suckling
During childhood and before puberty, the female breast is composed of _____.
a branching ductal system without the lobular units
Milk ejection is regulated by oxytocin, which stimulates contraction of ________.
myoepithelial cells
The secretion of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle brings about ______.
side branching and lobulo-alveolar (TDLU) development
What hormone is responsible for embryonic breast development?
parathyroid hormone related hormone
What effect does progesterone have on the breast?
side branching and TDLU development
What are the 2 types of breast stroma and their differences?
intERlobular stroma (fibrous CT + adipose) intRAlobular stroma (hormonally responsive fibroblast cells + lymphs; envelopes the acini)
