PK Quiz Chapter 12 Flashcards
Archduke Frank Ferdinand
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist; Serbian Slaves posed a moral threat to the empire, so in an attempt to get rid of them, Austria-Hungary relied on Germany and Italy while the Serbians turned to Russia, France, and Britain, evolving into a general war
Total War
War that requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy
Treaty of Versailles
The 1919 treaty that officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of WWII; required that the Germans had to pay heavy reparations, give up its colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, restrict its military, and accept responsibility for the war
Mandate System
A half-way system between outright imperial domination and independence, it was used to split Germany’s empire after WW I. Following the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the modern map of the Middle East brought Arabs under Turkish rule; however, Britain and French continued to push their imperialism, turning them into “mandates” that they would be in charge of; the mandate system divided up the Ottoman Empire and distributed it to Britain and France, hoping that they would become states
Fourteen Points
Introduced by Woodrow Wilson when he arrived in Paris for the peace conference in 1919, the series of proposals highlight a new international life based on moral principles as opposed to secret deals and imperialist machinations
Tsar Nicholas II
Overthrown by the Russian Revolution
Kulaks
Richer peasants were signaled out by Stalin for exclusion from the new collective farms
Great Purge
Terror of the late 1930s, the process enveloped tens of thousands of prominent communists, including virtually all of the Lenin’s top associates, and millionaires of more ordinary people; People were arrested based on suspicion, denunciation by colleagues, connections to foreign countries, or anything, tried, and sentenced either to death or to concentration camps; close to 1 mil people were excecuted, while 4 or 5 mil were sent to these camps
Axis Powers
Formal military alliance between Italy, Germany, and Japan against the Soviet Union
Black Shirts
Private army of disillusioned veterans and jobless men under Mussolini; his regime disbanded independent labor unions and peasant groups as well as all opposing parties; government suspended democracy and imprisoned, deported, or executed opponents
Lateran Accords
A series of agreements between Mussolini and the Catholic Church of Italy that made the Vatican a sovereign state and Catholicism Italy’s national religion
Nuremberg Laws
1935 laws that ended German citizenship for Jews and forbade marriage or sexual relations
esteem Jews and German
Revolutionary Right
Also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in Japanese political life during the Great Depression that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion
Allied Powers
United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union
Munich Conference
Conference where the British and French gave Hitler’s act of annexing Austria and the German-speaking parts of Czechoslovakia their reluctant blessing
