Ch 8 & Ch 9 PK Quiz Terms Flashcards
Seven Years War
Britain and France joined battle in North America, Caribbean, West Africa, and South Asia causing British to levy taxes on North American colonies and the French to seek revenue from landowners; prompted revolutions
King Louis XVI
King of France during French Revolution
Three Estates of France
Male representatives of the three estates of France at the time of the revolution (clergy, nobility, etc.)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
A charter of political liberties drawn by the French National Assembly that claimed “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” which was a preamble to French Constitution
French Revolution
Massive upheaval of French society that overthrew the monarchy, ending legal privileges of the nobility, for a time outlawed the Catholic Church, increasing in violence and radicalism until the Terror of 1793-1794 where it became more conservative under Napoleon
Terror of 1793-1794
Stage of revolutionary violence under Maximillian Robespierre following the execution of King Louis XVII
Maximillien Robespierre
Leader of French Revolution during the terror; his committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands until he was arrested and guillotined
Committee of Public Safety
Group established by Robespierre that led the French Revolution’s act of deeming its own people enemies of revolution (executing them)
Olympic de Gouges
A French playwright and journalist that appropriate the language of the Declaration of Rights to insist “women is born free and lives equal to man in her rights”
Napoleon Boneparte
French head of state and general who preserved much of the French Revolution under military dictatorship and spread ideals throughout his conquest of Europe
Saint Domingue
French Caribbean colony that renamed itself Haiti; was regarded as the richest colony in the world producing 40% of world’s sugar and half of its coffee
Gens de coleus libres
A social group of Saint Domingue that consisted of 30k free people of color
Grands Blancs
Rich white landowners that consisted of very well to do plantation owners, merchants, and lawyers
Petit Blancs
Poor whites who sought equality of citizenship for all whites
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
At the formal declaration of Haiti’s independence, he became the nation’s first head of state
Haitian Revolution
Only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; uprising in colony was inspired by French Revolution and led to establishment of an independent state after long bloody war
Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion
Radical peasant rebellion in Mexico for independence led by priests; driven by hunger for land and by high food prices
Tupac Amaru
Leader of a Native American rebellion in Peru in early 1780, claiming he was descendant of last Incan emperor
Simon Bolivar
Arguably most important military leader in struggle for independence in South America; helped free Colombia, Venezuela, Peru
Jose de San Martin
A regional military leader from Argentina that helped liberate Argentina, Peru, and Chile