Chapter 13 PK (Terms) Flashcards
European Economic Community
(EEC) an alliance formed in 1957 by six West European countries dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs; it gradually developed into the larger European Union with the nations adopting the euro as their common currency
European Union
Originally known as the European Economic Community, it was renamed the European Union in 1994; reduces tariffs and develops common trade policies to make European sustainable and support economic recovery with a larger European identity
Marshall Plan
Huge US government initiative and economic recovery plan to aid in the post-World War II recovery of Western Europe that was put into effect in 1948; funneled $121 billion (our currency from 2017) into Europe to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American industrial goods and to undermine European communist parties
Great Leap Forward
Communist push for collectivization that created “people’s communes” and aimed to mobilize China’s population for rapid development, social equality, and collective living; it a second five-year plan implemented by Mao Zedong in 1958 that called for simultaneous growth in both agriculture and industry through reorganizing communes, however, it failed, which caused crop failure and starvation
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance between the Soviet Union and communist states in Eastern Europe, created in 1955 as a counterweight to NATO; expressed the tensions of the cold war in Europe
The countries in it were the Soviet Union, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania, and Bulgaria
Iron Curtain
The heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe as a result of the alliances, specifically NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Korean War
North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950, China defended North Korea, America defended South Korea which resulted in a bitter three-year conflict eventually resulting in the split of the Korean Peninsula
Vietnam War
Military efforts by South Vietnamese communists and the already communist North Vietnamese government to unify their country prompted massive American intervention; Vietnam bested the Americans as they were armed and supported by the Soviets and Chinese and willing to endure enormous losses
Soviet-Afghan War
The Afghan government was overthrown by a military official who installed a Marxist government, but the government lacked the popular support of the Afghan people yet established close ties with the Soviet Union. When tribal groups revolted, the Soviet Union invaded. The Afghan guerrillas were provided aid and supplies by the American government. Finally, the Soviets withdrew their troops, and the Afghan communist regime collapsed
Cuban Missile Crisis
Major standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the United States agreeing not to invade Cuba
Indian National Congress
Also known as the Congress Party, the political party led by Mahatma Gandhi that succeeded in bringing about Indian independence from Britain in 1947
Muslim League
Political group formed in response to the Indian National Congress in India’s struggle for independence from Britain; they argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistanis
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Political leader of the Muslim league; advocated for new state called Pakistan
Partition of India
The violent process of dividing colonial India into two countries: a Muslim Pakistan and a mostly Hindu India governed by a secular state
Sukarno
Indonesia’s primary nationalist leader who sought to embrace and reconcile nationalism, Islam, and Marxism in his political order