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Yr 2 Qs > PJE Spotter Qs (Copied to BB2Qs) > Flashcards

PJE Spotter Qs (Copied to BB2Qs) Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Nucleus accumbens
  4. Anterior thalamic nucleus
  5. Hypothalamus
A

What is A?

  1. Hippocampus
    2. Amygdala
  2. Nucleus accumbens
  3. Anterior thalamic nucleus
  4. Hypothalamus
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2
Q

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
  5. F
  6. G
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3
Q

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
  5. F
  6. G
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4
Q

A is

  1. Ampulla
  2. Saccule
  3. Maccule
  4. Crista
  5. Utricle
A

A is

  1. Ampulla
  2. Saccule
  3. Maccule
    4. Crista
  4. Utricle
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5
Q

B is

  1. Nucleus raphe magnus
  2. Dorsal horn
  3. Reticular formation
  4. periaqueductal grey
  5. locus coeruleus
A

B is

1. Nucleus raphe magnus
2. Dorsal horn
3. Reticular formation
4. periaqueductal grey
5. locus coeruleus

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6
Q

Which artery is affected?

  1. Internal carotid
  2. Middle meningeal
  3. Middle cerebral
  4. Anterior cerebral
  5. Posterior cerebral
A

Which artery is affected?

  1. Internal carotid
  2. Middle meningeal
    3. Middle cerebral
  3. Anterior cerebral
  4. Posterior cerebral
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7
Q

Identify structure A

  1. Stria terminalis
  2. Anterior commissure
  3. Fornix
  4. Corpus callosum
  5. Posterior commisure
A
  1. Stria terminalis
  2. Anterior commissure
    3. Fornix
  3. Corpus callosum
  4. Posterior commisure
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8
Q

Identify the labelled structure that shows the origin of the cells of a tract that is responsible for controlling gross movement

  1. E
  2. A
  3. B
  4. C
  5. D
  6. F
  7. G
  8. H
A

Identify the labelled structure that shows the origin of the cells of a tract that is responsible for controlling gross movement

1. E
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. F
7. G
8. H

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9
Q

Name the structure identified by the arrow

  1. Nucleus accumbens
  2. Septal nucleus
  3. Caudate nucleus
  4. Putamen
  5. Amygdala nucleus
A

Name the structure identified by the arrow

1. Nucleus accumbens
2. Septal nucleus
3. Caudate nucleus
4. Putamen
5. Amygdala nucleus

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10
Q

This dissection of the brain shows

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Insula
  3. Uncus
  4. Wernicke’s area
  5. Orbital cortex
A

This dissection of the brain shows

  1. Broca’s area
    2. Insula
  2. Uncus
  3. Wernicke’s area
  4. Orbital cortex
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11
Q

Cells of this labelled structure are hyperactive in Huntington’s disease

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

Cells of this labelled structure are hyperactive in Huntington’s disease

  1. A
  2. B
    3. C
  3. D
  4. E
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12
Q

Identify the reticulospinal tract

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

Identify the reticulospinal tract

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
    7. G
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13
Q

The type of head injury shown here is

  1. berry anyuerism
  2. subdural bleed
  3. subarachnoid bleed
  4. extradural bleed
  5. contusion injury
A

The type of head injury shown here is

  1. berry anyuerism
    2. subdural bleed
  2. subarachnoid bleed
  3. extradural bleed
  4. contusion injury
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14
Q

Identify structure C

  1. Hippocampus
  2. Corpus callosum
  3. Caudate nucleus
  4. Putamen
  5. Thalamus
A

Identify structure C

1. Hippocampus
2. Corpus callosum
3. Caudate nucleus
4. Putamen
5. Thalamus

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15
Q

This test is used to assess

  1. perseveration
  2. working memory
  3. ideomotor apraxia
  4. agnosia
  5. aphasia
A

This test is used to assess

1. perseveration
2. working memory
3. ideomotor apraxia
4. agnosia
5. aphasia

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16
Q

These number lines are used to test

  1. working memory
  2. long-term memory
  3. procedural memory
  4. mathematical skills
  5. perseveration
A

These number lines are used to test

1. working memory
2. long-term memory
3. procedural memory
4. mathematical skills
5. perseveration

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17
Q

Which image depicts the symptoms of dysmetria?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which image depicts the symptoms of dysmetria?

A
B
C
D
E

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18
Q

Identify C [1]

A

Internal capsule

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19
Q

The brain area indicated by letter A is

  1. prefrontal cortex
  2. frontal eye field
  3. primary motor cortex
  4. supplementary motor cortex
  5. premotor cortex
A

The brain area indicated by letter A is

1. prefrontal cortex
2. frontal eye field
3. primary motor cortex
4. supplementary motor cortex
5. premotor cortex

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20
Q

ID F

  1. Thalamus
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Corpus callosum
  4. putamen
  5. caudate nucleus
A

ID F

1. Thalamus
2. Hippocampus
3. Corpus callosum
4. putamen
5. caudate nucleus

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21
Q

Yellow arrow is pointing at?

  1. Tonsil
  2. vermis
  3. flocculonodular node
  4. anterior lobe
  5. posterior lobe
A

Yellow arrow is pointing at?

1. Tonsil
2. vermis
3. flocculonodular node
4. anterior lobe
5. posterior lobe

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22
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
    3. Sub-falcine herniation
  3. Hydrocephalus
  4. Mass effect
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23
Q

The neurotransmitter associated with structure C identified by number 3 is:

  1. noradrenaline
  2. glutamate
  3. GABA
  4. serotonin
  5. enkephalin
A

The neurotransmitter associated with structure C identified by number 3 is:

1. noradrenaline
2. glutamate
3. GABA
4. serotonin
5. enkephalin

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24
Q

Damage to area D results in

  1. apraxia to internal commands
  2. aphasia
  3. loss of conjugate gaze
  4. apraxia to external commands
  5. loss of voluntary control of movements
A

Damage to area D results in

1. apraxia to internal commands
2. aphasia
3. loss of conjugate gaze
4. apraxia to external commands
5. loss of voluntary control of movements

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25
Q

Identify the arrowed structure

  1. uncus
  2. optic nerve
  3. olfactory gyrus
  4. midbrain
  5. Wernicke’s area
A

1. uncus
2. optic nerve
3. olfactory gyrus
4. midbrain
5. Wernicke’s area

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26
Q

White arrow is

  1. Anterior cerebral artery
  2. Middle cerebral artery
  3. Middle meningeal artery
  4. Internal carotid artery
  5. Posterior cerebral artery
A

White arrow is

  1. Anterior cerebral artery
  2. Middle cerebral artery
    3. Middle meningeal artery
  3. Internal carotid artery
  4. Posterior cerebral artery
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27
Q

ID the caudate nucleus

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

ID the caudate nucleus

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
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28
Q

ID the caudate nucleus

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

ID the caudate nucleus

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
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29
Q

In this comatose patient, the location of the lesion is

  1. In the medulla
  2. Between the vestibular nuclei and red nuclei
  3. Above the red nucleus
  4. Between the vestibular nucleus and trochlear nucleus
  5. Between the red nucleus and anterior lobe of the cerebellum
A
  1. In the medulla
    2. Between the vestibular nuclei and red nuclei
  2. Above the red nucleus
  3. Between the vestibular nucleus and trochlear nucleus
  4. Between the red nucleus and anterior lobe of the cerebellum
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30
Q

The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods

  1. Caudate
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus external
  4. Globus pallidus internal
  5. subthalamic
A

The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods

  1. Caudate
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus external
  4. Globus pallidus internal
    5. subthalamic
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31
Q

The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods

  1. Caudate
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus external
  4. Globus pallidus internal
  5. subthalamic
A

The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods

  1. Caudate
  2. Putamen
  3. Globus pallidus external
  4. Globus pallidus internal
    5. subthalamic
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32
Q

What is A?
1. Hypothalamus
2. Hippocampus
3. Reticular formation
4. Septal nucleus
5. Cingulate cortex

A

What is A?
1. Hypothalamus
2. Hippocampus
3. Reticular formation
4. Septal nucleus
5. Cingulate cortex

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33
Q

The image shows nystagmus to the left side. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

  1. This can be induced by spinning a person to the left?
  2. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the right ear
    with cold water
  3. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the left ear with
    warm water
  4. This can be induced by spinning a person to the right
  5. The fast face is due to a cortically derived signals from the
    frontal eye fields
A

The image shows nystagmus to the left side. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

  1. This can be induced by spinning a person to the left?
  2. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the right ear
    with cold water
  3. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the left ear with
    warm water
    4. This can be induced by spinning a person to the right
  4. The fast face is due to a cortically derived signals from the
    frontal eye fields
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34
Q

This brain specimen shows atrophy of the temporal lobe and sulcus enlargement. This is most commonly associated with which of the following?

  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Chronic alcoholism
  3. Epilepsy
  4. Alzheimer’s disease
  5. Schizophrenia
A

This brain specimen shows atrophy of the temporal lobe and sulcus enlargement. This is most commonly associated with which of the following?

  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Chronic alcoholism
  3. Epilepsy
    4. Alzheimer’s disease
  4. Schizophrenia
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35
Q

The neurotransmitter involved in the orange pathway is

  1. Noradrenaline
  2. Acetylcholine
  3. Glutamate
  4. Dopamine
  5. Serotonin
A

The neurotransmitter involved in the orange pathway is

  1. Noradrenaline
  2. Acetylcholine
  3. Glutamate
    4. Dopamine
  4. Serotonin
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36
Q

Identify the brain region that is tested by asking a patient to draw a symmetrical object such as a clock face.

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

Identify the brain region that is tested by asking a patient to draw a symmetrical object such as a clock face.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E

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37
Q

The area outlined in green is

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Insula
  3. Uncus
  4. Wernicke’s area
  5. Orbital cortex
A

The area outlined in green is

  1. Broca’s area
    2. Insula
  2. Uncus
  3. Wernicke’s area
  4. Orbital cortex
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38
Q

pain tolerance ratios !

A
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39
Q

Where is the lesion?

A
B
C
D
E
F

A

Where is the lesion?

A
B
C
D
E
F

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40
Q

This photo shows a histopathological slide from a patient with MS. What does it show?

Inflammation
Astrocytosis
Demyelination
Focal apoptosis
Microglial activation

A

This photo shows a histopathological slide from a patient with MS. What does it show?

Inflammation
Astrocytosis
Demyelination
Focal apoptosis
Microglial activation

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41
Q

What is indicated by letter A?

PAG
Nucleus raphe magnus
Nucleus reticularis paragigantocelluaris
Dorsal horn
VTA

A

What is indicated by letter A?

PAG
Nucleus raphe magnus
Nucleus reticularis paragigantocelluaris
Dorsal horn
VTA

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42
Q

This image shows a picture of an NMDA receptor. Which molecule binds at D?

Ca2+
Mg2+
K+
Na+
Zn

A

This image shows a picture of an NMDA receptor. Which molecule binds at D?

Ca2+
Mg2+
K+
Na+
Zn

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43
Q

Which of the following does the tuberomamillary nucleus secrete to stimulate sleep?

Histamines
Orexins
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Actelycholine

A

Which of the following does the tuberomamillary nucleus secrete to stimulate sleep?

Histamines
Orexins
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Actelycholine

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44
Q

ID the CN

CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN V
CN VI

A

ID the CN

CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN V
CN VI

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45
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Fornix
Cingulate gyrus
Hypothalamus

A

What is the arrow pointing to?

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Fornix
Cingulate gyrus
Hypothalamus

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46
Q

Damage to this stucture would cause

Truncal ataxia
Tremo
Babinski sign
Hyperkinesia
Bradykinesia

A

Damage to this stucture would cause

Truncal ataxia
Tremo
Babinski sign
Hyperkinesia
Bradykinesia

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47
Q

Which of the following is a major output system to the thalamus?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is a major output system to the thalamus?

A
B
C
D: GPin
E

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48
Q

The structure indicated is involved with which function?

Memory transmission
Memory formation
Memory storage
Memory retrieval
Affective labelling of a memory

A

The structure indicated is involved with which function?

Memory transmission
Memory formation
Memory storage
Memory retrieval
Affective labelling of a memory

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49
Q

Loss of dopaminergic input to the BG leads to

insufficient activation of D1 receptors
Activation of direct pathway
Insufficient activation of D2 receptors
Activation of thalamus
Inhibiton of internal globus pallidus

A

Loss of dopaminergic input to the BG leads to

insufficient activation of D1 receptors
Activation of direct pathway
Insufficient activation of D2 receptors
Activation of thalamus
Inhibiton of internal globus pallidus

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50
Q

A patient suffers an aterial intracranial bleed. The artery most likely goes through which of the following?

1
2
3
4
5

A

A patient suffers an aterial intracranial bleed. The artery most likely goes through which of the following?

1
2
3
4
5

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51
Q

What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure?

Uncal
Tonsilar
Tentorial
Subfalcine
Transforaminal

A

What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure?

Uncal
Tonsilar
Tentorial
Subfalcine
Transforaminal

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52
Q

What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure?

Uncal
Tonsilar
Tentorial
Subfalcine
Transforaminal

A

What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure?

Uncal
Tonsilar
Tentorial
Subfalcine
Transforaminal

53
Q

Where is the fracture

Lacrymal
Zygomatic
Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

A

Where is the fracture

Lacrymal
Zygomatic
Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

54
Q

Label A-C

A

A: ethmoid
B: sphenoid
C: zygomatic

55
Q

During behavioural training, the food acts as:

  1. A conditioned response
  2. An unconditioned response
  3. A conditioned stimulus
  4. An unconditioned stimulus
  5. An irrelevant stimulus
A

During behavioural training, the food acts as:

  1. A conditioned response
  2. An unconditioned response
  3. A conditioned stimulus
    4. An unconditioned stimulus
  4. An irrelevant stimulus
56
Q

The pathology shown in this image is

  1. Left tonsillar herniation
  2. Right tonsillar herniation
  3. Left uncal herniation
  4. Right uncal herniation
  5. Left subfalcine herniation
  6. Right subfalcine herniation
A
  1. Left tonsillar herniation
  2. Right tonsillar herniation
    3. Left uncal herniation
  3. Right uncal herniation
  4. Left subfalcine herniation
  5. Right subfalcine herniation
57
Q

A is the

  1. Amygdala
  2. Caudate nucleus
  3. Hippocampus
  4. Hypothalamus
  5. Insula
  6. Nucleus accumbens
  7. Septal nucleus
A

A is the

  1. Amygdala
  2. Caudate nucleus
  3. Hippocampus
  4. Hypothalamus
    5. Insula
  5. Nucleus accumbens
  6. Septal nucleus
58
Q

Damage to the arrow causes

  1. Anhedonia
  2. Loss of fear
  3. Mania
  4. Anterograde amnesia
  5. Retrograde amnesia
  6. Contralateral neglect
  7. Loss of working memory
A

Damage to the arrow causes

  1. Anhedonia
  2. Loss of fear
  3. Mania
    4. Anterograde amnesia
  4. Retrograde amnesia
  5. Contralateral neglect
  6. Loss of working memory
59
Q

This nucleus inhibits the sub-thalamic nucleus as part of the indirect pathway.

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

This nucleus inhibits the sub-thalamic nucleus as part of the indirect pathway.

  1. A
    2. B GPex
  2. C
  3. D
  4. E
60
Q

ID B

  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Globus pallidus externa
  3. Globus pallidus interna
  4. Putamen
  5. Substantia nigra
  6. Thalamus
A
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Globus pallidus externa
  3. Globus pallidus interna
  4. Putamen
  5. Substantia nigra
    6. Thalamus
61
Q

ID A

  1. Amygdala
  2. Cingulate cortex
  3. Fornix
  4. Hippocampus
  5. Insula
  6. Septum pellucidum
  7. Uncus
A

ID A

  1. Amygdala
  2. Cingulate cortex
  3. Fornix
  4. Hippocampus
  5. Insula
  6. Septum pellucidum
    7. Uncus
62
Q

The structure indicated by the arrow is

  1. Deiter’s nucleus
  2. Dentate nucleus
  3. Fastigial nucleus
  4. Inferior olivary nucleus
  5. Interposed nucleus
  6. Superior olivary nucleus
A

The structure indicated by the arrow is

  1. Deiter’s nucleus
    2. Dentate nucleus
  2. Fastigial nucleus
  3. Inferior olivary nucleus
  4. Interposed nucleus
  5. Superior olivary nucleus
63
Q

Damage to C causes

  1. Aphasia
  2. Loss of conjugate gaze
  3. Apraxia to external commands
  4. Apraxia to internal commands
  5. Loss of voluntary control of movements
A

Damage to C causes

  1. Aphasia
  2. Loss of conjugate gaze
    3. Apraxia to external commands
  3. Apraxia to internal commands
  4. Loss of voluntary control of movements
64
Q

The image shows the EEG trace and separate brain wave activity responses to opening and shutting the eyes.

  1. the alpha wave
  2. the beta wave
  3. the delta wave
  4. the theta wave
  5. the gamma wave
A

The image shows the EEG trace and separate brain wave activity responses to opening and shutting the eyes.

1. the alpha wave
2. the beta wave
3. the delta wave
4. the theta wave
5. the gamma wave

65
Q

Prolonged stimulation of nociceptors or cellular injury induces a flare response. The neurotransmitter responsible for this is

  1. Glutamate
  2. Substance P
  3. ATP
  4. Acetylcholine
  5. Noradrenaline
A

Prolonged stimulation of nociceptors or cellular injury induces a flare response. The neurotransmitter responsible for this is

  1. Glutamate
    2. Substance P
  2. ATP
  3. Acetylcholine
  4. Noradrenaline
66
Q

The cortical region that has herniated indicated by the purple arrow is

  1. Frontal eye field
  2. Parahippocampus
  3. Insula
  4. Supplementary motor cortex
  5. Cingulate cortex
  6. Prefrontal cortex
A

The cortical region that has herniated indicated by the purple arrow is

  1. Frontal eye field
  2. Parahippocampus
  3. Insula
  4. Supplementary motor cortex
    5. Cingulate cortex
  5. Prefrontal cortex
67
Q

Identify the white substance over the metal seeker

  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Arachnoid granulation
  4. Dural mater
  5. Periostium
  6. Dural sinus
A

Identify the white substance over the metal seeker

  1. Pia mater
    2. Arachnoid mater
  2. Arachnoid granulation
  3. Dural mater
  4. Periostium
  5. Dural sinus
68
Q

Which image depicts the consequences of damage to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

Which image depicts the consequences of damage to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
69
Q

In Parkinson’s disease cells of which labelled structure degenerate?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
  8. H
A

In Parkinson’s disease cells of which labelled structure degenerate?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
    4. D
  4. E
  5. F
  6. G
  7. H
70
Q

The pathology in this image is associated with

  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
  4. Epilepsy
  5. Multiple sclerosis
A

The pathology in this image is associated with

  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
  4. Epilepsy
    5. Multiple sclerosis
71
Q

Axons of which pathway are found in the SCP?

  1. Spinocerebellar
  2. Olivocerebellar
  3. Trigeminocerebellar
  4. Pontocerebellar
  5. Dentothalamic
A

Axons of which pathway are found in the SCP?

  1. Spinocerebellar
  2. Olivocerebellar
  3. Trigeminocerebellar
  4. Pontocerebellar
    5. Dentothalamic
72
Q

The large slow EEG waves are indicative of which stage of sleep

  1. Stage 1
  2. Stage 2
  3. Stage 3
  4. Stage 4
  5. REM
A

The large slow EEG waves are indicative of which stage of sleep

  1. Stage 1
  2. Stage 2
  3. Stage 3
    4. Stage 4
  4. REM
73
Q

What is 21

  1. Amygdala
  2. Caudate nucleus
  3. Dentate gyrus
  4. Insula
  5. Hippocampus
  6. Mammillary body
  7. Subiculum
  8. Uncus
A

1. Amygdala

74
Q

This is a test for

  1. Pain sensation
  2. Ataxia
  3. Graphesthesia
  4. Stereognosis
  5. Extinction
A

This is a test for

  1. Pain sensation
  2. Ataxia
    3. Graphesthesia
  3. Stereognosis
  4. Extinction
75
Q

The vascular injury shown here is

  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
  4. Diffuse axonal injury
  5. Contusion
A

The vascular injury shown here is

  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
  4. Diffuse axonal injury
    5. Contusion
76
Q

Identify the aperture.

  1. Obex
  2. Median aperture
  3. Lateral aperture
  4. Cerebral aqueduct
  5. Interventricular foramen
A

Identify the aperture.

  1. Obex
  2. Median aperture
  3. Lateral aperture
  4. Cerebral aqueduct
    5. Interventricular foramen
77
Q

Which area is thought to be associated with the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
A

Which area is thought to be associated with the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
    6. F
78
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

  1. Pia mater
  2. Skin
  3. Connective tissue
  4. Aponeurosis
  5. Loose connective tissue
  6. Periostium
  7. Dura mater
  8. Arachnoid mater
A

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

  1. Pia mater
  2. Skin
  3. Connective tissue
  4. Aponeurosis
  5. Loose connective tissue
  6. Periostium
    7. Dura mater
  7. Arachnoid mater
79
Q

Label A-C

A

A: semi-circular canal (goes into Superior and Medial)
B: utricle (goes into Lateral, Inferior, Medial)
C: Saccle (goes into Lateral, Inferior, Medial)

80
Q
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
81
Q
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Thalamus
  3. Putamen
  4. Insula
  5. Fornix
  6. Corpus callosum
A

1. Caudate nucleus

82
Q
  1. Frontal eye field
  2. Parahippocampus
  3. Insula
  4. Supplementary motor cortex
  5. Cingulate cortex
  6. Prefrontal cortex
A

6. Prefrontal cortex

83
Q
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Arachnoid granulation
  4. Dural mater
  5. Periostium
  6. Dural sinus
A

2. Arachnoid mater

84
Q

Identify structure 21.

  1. Amygdala
  2. Caudate nucleus
  3. Dentate gyrus
  4. Insula
  5. Hippocampus
  6. Mammillary body
  7. Subiculum
  8. Uncus
A

Identify structure 21.

1. Amygdala

85
Q

The vascular injury shown here is

  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
  4. Diffuse axonal injury
  5. Contusion
A

The vascular injury shown here is

  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
  4. Diffuse axonal injury
    5. Contusion
86
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A

1. Uncal herniation

87
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A

1. Uncal herniation

88
Q

A baby dies and the post-mortum reveals this finding alongside a subdural haemorrhage. What is the most likely cause of death? [1]

A

Shaken baby syndrome

The SBS is characterized by a triad of encephalopathy, subdural hematomas and retinal hemorrhages.

89
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A

3. Sub-falcine herniation

90
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A

1. Uncal herniation
Increased intracranial pressure in a 58-year-old man with right
middle cerebral artery infarction causing marked bilateral uncal
herniation with notching (arrows). The notching is more prominent
on the right side

91
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A
  1. Uncal herniation
92
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A

2. Tonsillar herniation

93
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

A

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

94
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

95
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

A

Subarachnoid

96
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

A

Subarachnoid

97
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

A

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

98
Q

Which type of haemorrhage is seen here

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

99
Q
A

D. The diagnosis is tuberculous meningitis with foci of caseating necrosis (Your Answer)
Feedback:
CORRECT! The gross picture shows inflammatory exudates in the subarachnoid space, as well as several foci of caseous necrosis over the cerebellar hemispheres. Microscopy shows necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. A ZN stain should be done to look for acid=fast bacilli.

100
Q

What is a form of learning whereby behaviour is changed because of the consequences?

Classical conditioning
Aversion therapy
Operant condiitoning
Negative reinforcement
Attribution theory

Exam Q

A

What is a form of learning whereby behaviour is changed because of the consequences?

Classical conditioning
Aversion therapy
Operant condiitoning
Negative reinforcement

101
Q

What is the name for when a hospital patient’s well-being is negatively affected by factors such as loss of identity and feelings of powerlessness [1]

Exam Q

A

Insitituitonal neurosis

102
Q

Which of the following accompanies taking drugs to escape adverse withdrawal effects

Postive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Theory of reasoned action
Low self efficacy

Exam Q

A

Which of the following accompanies taking drugs to escape adverse withdrawal effects

Postive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Theory of reasoned action
Low self efficacy

103
Q

What is the main pharmocokinetic characteristic of phenytoin? [1]

exam q

A

Dose-dependent kinetics

104
Q

Describe the effect of tiagabine on GABAnergic transmission? [1]

Exam Q

A

Blocks GABA uptake

105
Q

Foetal malformations represent a main unwanted effect of an antiepileptic drug. Name this drug [1]

Exam Q

106
Q

Which dopamine pathway is involved in reward and addiction? [1]

Exam Q

A

Mesolimbic

107
Q

Which part of the brain does MDMA alter in physiology to cause increased temperature? [1]

Exam q

A

Hypothalamus

108
Q

Name two opiates metabolised to morphine in the body? [2]

Exam Q

A

Codiene; Heroin

109
Q

[] is an effective pharmacotherapy to aid smoking cessation

Exam Q

A

Bupropion is an effective pharmacotherapy to aid smoking cessation

110
Q

Neuroleptic side effects of schizophrenic drugs arise from blockade of dopamine receptors in which striatum [1]

Exam Q

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

111
Q

Risperidone blocks which 5-HT subtype? [1]

Exam Q

112
Q

Which drug can be used to reuced nausea induced by L-DOPA [1]

Exam Q

A

Carbidopa or benserazide

113
Q

Which are the only neurons whose axons leave the cerebellar cortex? [1]

Exam Q

A

Purkinje cells

114
Q

Which part of the limbic system is the nuclei involved in reward circuits? [1]

Amygdala
Nucleus accumbens
Septal nuclei
Uncus

Exam Q

A

Septal nuclei

115
Q

Which part of the limbic system is the thought to be the emetional content of experiences

Amygdala
Nucleus accumbens
Septal nuclei
Uncus

Exam Q

116
Q

Which cortical region is thought to be most involved in affactive and emotional behaviour [1]

Exam Q

A

Cingulate gyrus

117
Q

Deja-vu is associated with epilepsy in which brain region of the brain?

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

Exam Q

A

Deja-vu is associated with epilepsy in which brain region of the brain?

Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal

118
Q

[] cortex acts as an interface between hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Exam Q

A

Entorhinal cortex acts as an interface between hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

119
Q

Which region contains dopamine axons projecting to the accumbens nucleus? [1]

Exam Q

120
Q

Chronic use of barbiturates will cause what physiological effect? [1]

Exam Q

A

Induction of liver microsomal enzymes

121
Q

Which of the following is an example of an SSRI

Paroxetine
Phenelzine
Phenytoin
Lithium

Exam Q

A

Which of the following is an example of an SSRI

Paroxetine
Phenelzine
Phenytoin
Lithium

122
Q

Name a symptom that occurs due to Amitriptyline blocking muscarinic receptors [1]

Exam q

A

dry mouth, constipation

123
Q

Buspirone can be used to treat which disorder? [1]

Exam Q

124
Q

Name a risk associated with the use of irreversible MAOA inhibitors [1]

Exam Q

A

Hepatoxicity

125
Q

The cheese effect is due to the presence of which compound in certain food [1]

Exam Q

A

Tyramine

Tytra banks is mean
126
Q

A 27-year-old has a severe head injury that has damaged the superior sagittal sinus.

Between which two layers of the meninges does the superior sagittal sinus form?

Arachnoid and pia

Dura mater (inner layer) and arachnoid

Dura mater (inner layer) and pia

Dura mater (outer layer) and arachnoid

Dura mater (outer layer) and dura mater (inner layer)

A

Dura mater (outer layer) and dura mater (inner layer)

127
Q

Damage to this stucture would cause

Truncal ataxia
Tremo
Babinski sign
Hyperkinesia
Bradykinesia

A

Damage to this stucture would cause

Truncal ataxia
Tremo
Babinski sign
Hyperkinesia
Bradykinesia

128
Q

These number lines are used to test

  1. working memory
  2. long-term memory
  3. procedural memory
  4. mathematical skills
  5. perseveration
A

These number lines are used to test

1. working memory
2. long-term memory
3. procedural memory
4. mathematical skills
5. perseveration

Yr 2 Qs (14 decks)

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