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Yr 2 Qs > PJE Spotter Qs (Copied to BB2Qs) > Flashcards

PJE Spotter Qs (Copied to BB2Qs) Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Nucleus accumbens
  4. Anterior thalamic nucleus
  5. Hypothalamus
A

What is A?

  1. Hippocampus
    2. Amygdala
  2. Nucleus accumbens
  3. Anterior thalamic nucleus
  4. Hypothalamus
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2
Q

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
  5. F
  6. G
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3
Q

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

The cells of this tract originate in laminae I, IV and V

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
    5. E
  5. F
  6. G
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4
Q

A is

  1. Ampulla
  2. Saccule
  3. Maccule
  4. Crista
  5. Utricle
A

A is

  1. Ampulla
  2. Saccule
  3. Maccule
    4. Crista
  4. Utricle
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5
Q

B is

  1. Nucleus raphe magnus
  2. Dorsal horn
  3. Reticular formation
  4. periaqueductal grey
  5. locus coeruleus
A

B is

1. Nucleus raphe magnus
2. Dorsal horn
3. Reticular formation
4. periaqueductal grey
5. locus coeruleus

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6
Q

Which artery is affected?

  1. Internal carotid
  2. Middle meningeal
  3. Middle cerebral
  4. Anterior cerebral
  5. Posterior cerebral
A

Which artery is affected?

  1. Internal carotid
  2. Middle meningeal
    3. Middle cerebral
  3. Anterior cerebral
  4. Posterior cerebral
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7
Q

Identify structure A

  1. Stria terminalis
  2. Anterior commissure
  3. Fornix
  4. Corpus callosum
  5. Posterior commisure
A
  1. Stria terminalis
  2. Anterior commissure
    3. Fornix
  3. Corpus callosum
  4. Posterior commisure
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8
Q

Identify the labelled structure that shows the origin of the cells of a tract that is responsible for controlling gross movement

  1. E
  2. A
  3. B
  4. C
  5. D
  6. F
  7. G
  8. H
A

Identify the labelled structure that shows the origin of the cells of a tract that is responsible for controlling gross movement

1. E
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. F
7. G
8. H

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9
Q

Name the structure identified by the arrow

  1. Nucleus accumbens
  2. Septal nucleus
  3. Caudate nucleus
  4. Putamen
  5. Amygdala nucleus
A

Name the structure identified by the arrow

1. Nucleus accumbens
2. Septal nucleus
3. Caudate nucleus
4. Putamen
5. Amygdala nucleus

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10
Q

This dissection of the brain shows

  1. Broca’s area
  2. Insula
  3. Uncus
  4. Wernicke’s area
  5. Orbital cortex
A

This dissection of the brain shows

  1. Broca’s area
    2. Insula
  2. Uncus
  3. Wernicke’s area
  4. Orbital cortex
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11
Q

Cells of this labelled structure are hyperactive in Huntington’s disease

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
A

Cells of this labelled structure are hyperactive in Huntington’s disease

  1. A
  2. B
    3. C
  3. D
  4. E
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12
Q

Identify the reticulospinal tract

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
  7. G
A

Identify the reticulospinal tract

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E
  6. F
    7. G
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13
Q

The type of head injury shown here is

  1. berry anyuerism
  2. subdural bleed
  3. subarachnoid bleed
  4. extradural bleed
  5. contusion injury
A

The type of head injury shown here is

  1. berry anyuerism
    2. subdural bleed
  2. subarachnoid bleed
  3. extradural bleed
  4. contusion injury
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14
Q

Identify structure C

  1. Hippocampus
  2. Corpus callosum
  3. Caudate nucleus
  4. Putamen
  5. Thalamus
A

Identify structure C

1. Hippocampus
2. Corpus callosum
3. Caudate nucleus
4. Putamen
5. Thalamus

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15
Q

This test is used to assess

  1. perseveration
  2. working memory
  3. ideomotor apraxia
  4. agnosia
  5. aphasia
A

This test is used to assess

1. perseveration
2. working memory
3. ideomotor apraxia
4. agnosia
5. aphasia

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16
Q

These number lines are used to test

  1. working memory
  2. long-term memory
  3. procedural memory
  4. mathematical skills
  5. perseveration
A

These number lines are used to test

1. working memory
2. long-term memory
3. procedural memory
4. mathematical skills
5. perseveration

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17
Q

Which image depicts the symptoms of dysmetria?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which image depicts the symptoms of dysmetria?

A
B
C
D
E

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18
Q

Identify C [1]

A

Internal capsule

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19
Q

The brain area indicated by letter A is

  1. prefrontal cortex
  2. frontal eye field
  3. primary motor cortex
  4. supplementary motor cortex
  5. premotor cortex
A

The brain area indicated by letter A is

1. prefrontal cortex
2. frontal eye field
3. primary motor cortex
4. supplementary motor cortex
5. premotor cortex

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20
Q

ID F

  1. Thalamus
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Corpus callosum
  4. putamen
  5. caudate nucleus
A

ID F

1. Thalamus
2. Hippocampus
3. Corpus callosum
4. putamen
5. caudate nucleus

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21
Q

Yellow arrow is pointing at?

  1. Tonsil
  2. vermis
  3. flocculonodular node
  4. anterior lobe
  5. posterior lobe
A

Yellow arrow is pointing at?

1. Tonsil
2. vermis
3. flocculonodular node
4. anterior lobe
5. posterior lobe

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22
Q
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
  3. Sub-falcine herniation
  4. Hydrocephalus
  5. Mass effect
A
  1. Uncal herniation
  2. Tonsillar herniation
    3. Sub-falcine herniation
  3. Hydrocephalus
  4. Mass effect
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23
Q

The neurotransmitter associated with structure C identified by number 3 is:

  1. noradrenaline
  2. glutamate
  3. GABA
  4. serotonin
  5. enkephalin
A

The neurotransmitter associated with structure C identified by number 3 is:

1. noradrenaline
2. glutamate
3. GABA
4. serotonin
5. enkephalin

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24
Q

Damage to area D results in

  1. apraxia to internal commands
  2. aphasia
  3. loss of conjugate gaze
  4. apraxia to external commands
  5. loss of voluntary control of movements
A

Damage to area D results in

1. apraxia to internal commands
2. aphasia
3. loss of conjugate gaze
4. apraxia to external commands
5. loss of voluntary control of movements

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25
Identify the arrowed structure 1. uncus 2. optic nerve 3. olfactory gyrus 4. midbrain 5. Wernicke's area
**1. uncus** 2. optic nerve 3. olfactory gyrus 4. midbrain 5. Wernicke's area
26
White arrow is 1. Anterior cerebral artery 2. Middle cerebral artery 3. Middle meningeal artery 4. Internal carotid artery 5. Posterior cerebral artery
White arrow is 1. Anterior cerebral artery 2. Middle cerebral artery **3. Middle meningeal artery** 4. Internal carotid artery 5. Posterior cerebral artery
27
ID the caudate nucleus 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
ID the caudate nucleus 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D **5. E**
28
ID the caudate nucleus 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
ID the caudate nucleus 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D **5. E**
29
In this comatose patient, the location of the lesion is 1. In the medulla 2. Between the vestibular nuclei and red nuclei 3. Above the red nucleus 4. Between the vestibular nucleus and trochlear nucleus 5. Between the red nucleus and anterior lobe of the cerebellum
1. In the medulla **2. Between the vestibular nuclei and red nuclei** 3. Above the red nucleus 4. Between the vestibular nucleus and trochlear nucleus 5. Between the red nucleus and anterior lobe of the cerebellum
30
The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods 1. Caudate 2. Putamen 3. Globus pallidus external 4. Globus pallidus internal 5. subthalamic
The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods 1. Caudate 2. Putamen 3. Globus pallidus external 4. Globus pallidus internal **5. subthalamic**
31
The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods 1. Caudate 2. Putamen 3. Globus pallidus external 4. Globus pallidus internal 5. subthalamic
The image shows deep brain stimulation to control Parkinson’s disease. Into which basal ganglia nucleus are the rods 1. Caudate 2. Putamen 3. Globus pallidus external 4. Globus pallidus internal **5. subthalamic**
32
What is A? 1. Hypothalamus 2. Hippocampus 3. Reticular formation 4. Septal nucleus 5. Cingulate cortex
What is A? 1. Hypothalamus 2. Hippocampus 3. Reticular formation **4. Septal nucleus** 5. Cingulate cortex
33
The image shows nystagmus to the left side. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. This can be induced by spinning a person to the left? 2. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the right ear with cold water 3. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the left ear with warm water 4. This can be induced by spinning a person to the right 5. The fast face is due to a cortically derived signals from the frontal eye fields
The image shows nystagmus to the left side. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 1. This can be induced by spinning a person to the left? 2. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the right ear with cold water 3. This can be induced by caloric stimulation of the left ear with warm water **4. This can be induced by spinning a person to the right** 5. The fast face is due to a cortically derived signals from the frontal eye fields
34
This brain specimen shows atrophy of the temporal lobe and sulcus enlargement. This is most commonly associated with which of the following? 1. Parkinson’s disease 2. Chronic alcoholism 3. Epilepsy 4. Alzheimer’s disease 5. Schizophrenia
This brain specimen shows atrophy of the temporal lobe and sulcus enlargement. This is most commonly associated with which of the following? 1. Parkinson’s disease 2. Chronic alcoholism 3. Epilepsy **4. Alzheimer’s disease** 5. Schizophrenia
35
The neurotransmitter involved in the orange pathway is 1. Noradrenaline 2. Acetylcholine 3. Glutamate 4. Dopamine 5. Serotonin
The neurotransmitter involved in the orange pathway is 1. Noradrenaline 2. Acetylcholine 3. Glutamate **4. Dopamine** 5. Serotonin
36
Identify the brain region that is tested by asking a patient to draw a symmetrical object such as a clock face. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
Identify the brain region that is tested by asking a patient to draw a symmetrical object such as a clock face. **1. A** 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
37
The area outlined in green is 1. Broca’s area 2. Insula 3. Uncus 4. Wernicke’s area 5. Orbital cortex
The area outlined in green is 1. Broca’s area **2. Insula** 3. Uncus 4. Wernicke’s area 5. Orbital cortex
38
pain tolerance ratios !
39
Where is the lesion? A B C D E F
Where is the lesion? A B C **D** E F
40
This photo shows a histopathological slide from a patient with MS. What does it show? Inflammation Astrocytosis Demyelination Focal apoptosis Microglial activation
This photo shows a histopathological slide from a patient with MS. What does it show? **Inflammation** Astrocytosis Demyelination Focal apoptosis Microglial activation
41
What is indicated by letter A? PAG Nucleus raphe magnus Nucleus reticularis paragigantocelluaris Dorsal horn VTA
What is indicated by letter A? **PAG** Nucleus raphe magnus Nucleus reticularis paragigantocelluaris Dorsal horn VTA
42
This image shows a picture of an NMDA receptor. Which molecule binds at D? Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ Na+ Zn
This image shows a picture of an NMDA receptor. Which molecule binds at D? Ca2+ **Mg2+** K+ Na+ Zn
43
Which of the following does the tuberomamillary nucleus secrete to stimulate sleep? Histamines Orexins Noradrenaline Serotonin Actelycholine
Which of the following does the tuberomamillary nucleus secrete to stimulate sleep? **Histamines** Orexins Noradrenaline Serotonin Actelycholine
44
ID the CN CN II CN III CN IV CN V CN VI
ID the CN CN II CN III **CN IV** CN V CN VI
45
What is the arrow pointing to? Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Fornix Cingulate gyrus Hypothalamus
What is the arrow pointing to? **Hippocampus** Amygdala Thalamus Fornix Cingulate gyrus Hypothalamus
46
Damage to this stucture would cause Truncal ataxia Tremo Babinski sign Hyperkinesia Bradykinesia
Damage to this stucture would cause **Truncal ataxia** Tremo Babinski sign Hyperkinesia Bradykinesia
47
Which of the following is a major output system to the thalamus? A B C D E
Which of the following is a major output system to the thalamus? A B C **D**: GPin E
48
The structure indicated is involved with which function? Memory transmission Memory formation Memory storage Memory retrieval Affective labelling of a memory
The structure indicated is involved with which function? **Memory transmission** Memory formation Memory storage Memory retrieval Affective labelling of a memory
49
Loss of dopaminergic input to the BG leads to insufficient activation of D1 receptors Activation of direct pathway Insufficient activation of D2 receptors Activation of thalamus Inhibiton of internal globus pallidus
Loss of dopaminergic input to the BG leads to **insufficient activation of D1 receptors** Activation of direct pathway Insufficient activation of D2 receptors Activation of thalamus Inhibiton of internal globus pallidus
50
A patient suffers an aterial intracranial bleed. The artery most likely goes through which of the following? 1 2 3 4 5
A patient suffers an aterial intracranial bleed. The artery most likely goes through which of the following? 1 2 **3** 4 5
51
What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure? Uncal Tonsilar Tentorial Subfalcine Transforaminal
What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure? **Uncal** Tonsilar Tentorial Subfalcine Transforaminal
52
What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure? Uncal Tonsilar Tentorial Subfalcine Transforaminal
What type of herniation would occur underneath this structure? **Uncal** Tonsilar Tentorial Subfalcine Transforaminal
53
Where is the fracture Lacrymal Zygomatic Frontal Maxilla Ethmoid Sphenoid
Where is the fracture Lacrymal Zygomatic Frontal **Maxilla** Ethmoid Sphenoid
54
Label A-C
A: ethmoid B: sphenoid C: zygomatic
55
During behavioural training, the food acts as: 1. A conditioned response 2. An unconditioned response 3. A conditioned stimulus 4. An unconditioned stimulus 5. An irrelevant stimulus
During behavioural training, the food acts as: 1. A conditioned response 2. An unconditioned response 3. A conditioned stimulus **4. An unconditioned stimulus** 5. An irrelevant stimulus
56
The pathology shown in this image is 1. Left tonsillar herniation 2. Right tonsillar herniation 3. Left uncal herniation 4. Right uncal herniation 5. Left subfalcine herniation 6. Right subfalcine herniation
1. Left tonsillar herniation 2. Right tonsillar herniation **3. Left uncal herniation** 4. Right uncal herniation 5. Left subfalcine herniation 6. Right subfalcine herniation
57
A is the 1. Amygdala 2. Caudate nucleus 3. Hippocampus 4. Hypothalamus 5. Insula 6. Nucleus accumbens 7. Septal nucleus
A is the 1. Amygdala 2. Caudate nucleus 3. Hippocampus 4. Hypothalamus **5. Insula** 6. Nucleus accumbens 7. Septal nucleus
58
Damage to the arrow causes 1. Anhedonia 2. Loss of fear 3. Mania 4. Anterograde amnesia 5. Retrograde amnesia 6. Contralateral neglect 7. Loss of working memory
Damage to the arrow causes 1. Anhedonia 2. Loss of fear 3. Mania **4. Anterograde amnesia** 5. Retrograde amnesia 6. Contralateral neglect 7. Loss of working memory
59
This nucleus inhibits the sub-thalamic nucleus as part of the indirect pathway. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
This nucleus inhibits the sub-thalamic nucleus as part of the indirect pathway. 1. A **2. B** GPex 3. C 4. D 5. E
60
ID B 1. Caudate nucleus 2. Globus pallidus externa 3. Globus pallidus interna 4. Putamen 5. Substantia nigra 6. Thalamus
1. Caudate nucleus 2. Globus pallidus externa 3. Globus pallidus interna 4. Putamen 5. Substantia nigra **6. Thalamus**
61
ID A 1. Amygdala 2. Cingulate cortex 3. Fornix 4. Hippocampus 5. Insula 6. Septum pellucidum 7. Uncus
ID A 1. Amygdala 2. Cingulate cortex 3. Fornix 4. Hippocampus 5. Insula 6. Septum pellucidum **7. Uncus**
62
The structure indicated by the arrow is 1. Deiter’s nucleus 2. Dentate nucleus 3. Fastigial nucleus 4. Inferior olivary nucleus 5. Interposed nucleus 6. Superior olivary nucleus
The structure indicated by the arrow is 1. Deiter’s nucleus **2. Dentate nucleus** 3. Fastigial nucleus 4. Inferior olivary nucleus 5. Interposed nucleus 6. Superior olivary nucleus
63
Damage to C causes 1. Aphasia 2. Loss of conjugate gaze 3. Apraxia to external commands 4. Apraxia to internal commands 5. Loss of voluntary control of movements
Damage to C causes 1. Aphasia 2. Loss of conjugate gaze **3. Apraxia to external commands** 4. Apraxia to internal commands 5. Loss of voluntary control of movements
64
The image shows the EEG trace and separate brain wave activity responses to opening and shutting the eyes. 1. the alpha wave 2. the beta wave 3. the delta wave 4. the theta wave 5. the gamma wave
The image shows the EEG trace and separate brain wave activity responses to opening and shutting the eyes. **1. the alpha wave** 2. the beta wave 3. the delta wave 4. the theta wave 5. the gamma wave
65
Prolonged stimulation of nociceptors or cellular injury induces a flare response. The neurotransmitter responsible for this is 1. Glutamate 2. Substance P 3. ATP 4. Acetylcholine 5. Noradrenaline
Prolonged stimulation of nociceptors or cellular injury induces a flare response. The neurotransmitter responsible for this is 1. Glutamate **2. Substance P** 3. ATP 4. Acetylcholine 5. Noradrenaline
66
The cortical region that has herniated indicated by the purple arrow is 1. Frontal eye field 2. Parahippocampus 3. Insula 4. Supplementary motor cortex 5. Cingulate cortex 6. Prefrontal cortex
The cortical region that has herniated indicated by the purple arrow is 1. Frontal eye field 2. Parahippocampus 3. Insula 4. Supplementary motor cortex **5. Cingulate cortex** 6. Prefrontal cortex
67
Identify the white substance over the metal seeker 1. Pia mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Arachnoid granulation 4. Dural mater 5. Periostium 6. Dural sinus
Identify the white substance over the metal seeker 1. Pia mater **2. Arachnoid mater** 3. Arachnoid granulation 4. Dural mater 5. Periostium 6. Dural sinus
68
Which image depicts the consequences of damage to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
Which image depicts the consequences of damage to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D **5. E**
69
In Parkinson’s disease cells of which labelled structure degenerate? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. F 7. G 8. H
In Parkinson’s disease cells of which labelled structure degenerate? 1. A 2. B 3. C **4. D** 5. E 6. F 7. G 8. H
70
The pathology in this image is associated with 1. Parkinson’s disease 2. Alzheimer’s disease 3. Kluver-Bucy syndrome 4. Epilepsy 5. Multiple sclerosis
The pathology in this image is associated with 1. Parkinson’s disease 2. Alzheimer’s disease 3. Kluver-Bucy syndrome 4. Epilepsy **5. Multiple sclerosis**
71
Axons of which pathway are found in the SCP? 1. Spinocerebellar 2. Olivocerebellar 3. Trigeminocerebellar 4. Pontocerebellar 5. Dentothalamic
Axons of which pathway are found in the SCP? 1. Spinocerebellar 2. Olivocerebellar 3. Trigeminocerebellar 4. Pontocerebellar **5. Dentothalamic**
72
The large slow EEG waves are indicative of which stage of sleep 1. Stage 1 2. Stage 2 3. Stage 3 4. Stage 4 5. REM
The large slow EEG waves are indicative of which stage of sleep 1. Stage 1 2. Stage 2 3. Stage 3 **4. Stage 4** 5. REM
73
What is 21 1. Amygdala 2. Caudate nucleus 3. Dentate gyrus 4. Insula 5. Hippocampus 6. Mammillary body 7. Subiculum 8. Uncus
**1. Amygdala**
74
This is a test for 1. Pain sensation 2. Ataxia 3. Graphesthesia 4. Stereognosis 5. Extinction
This is a test for 1. Pain sensation 2. Ataxia **3. Graphesthesia** 4. Stereognosis 5. Extinction
75
The vascular injury shown here is 1. Extradural 2. Subdural 3. Subarachnoid 4. Diffuse axonal injury 5. Contusion
The vascular injury shown here is 1. Extradural 2. Subdural 3. Subarachnoid 4. Diffuse axonal injury **5. Contusion**
76
Identify the aperture. 1. Obex 2. Median aperture 3. Lateral aperture 4. Cerebral aqueduct 5. Interventricular foramen
Identify the aperture. 1. Obex 2. Median aperture 3. Lateral aperture 4. Cerebral aqueduct **5. Interventricular foramen**
77
Which area is thought to be associated with the visuo-spatial sketchpad? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. F
Which area is thought to be associated with the visuo-spatial sketchpad? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E **6. F**
78
What structure is indicated by the arrow? 1. Pia mater 2. Skin 3. Connective tissue 4. Aponeurosis 5. Loose connective tissue 6. Periostium 7. Dura mater 8. Arachnoid mater
What structure is indicated by the arrow? 1. Pia mater 2. Skin 3. Connective tissue 4. Aponeurosis 5. Loose connective tissue 6. Periostium **7. Dura mater** 8. Arachnoid mater
79
Label A-C
A: semi-circular canal (goes into Superior and Medial) B: utricle (goes into Lateral, Inferior, Medial) C: Saccle (goes into Lateral, Inferior, Medial)
80
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E
**2. B**
81
1. Caudate nucleus 2. Thalamus 3. Putamen 4. Insula 5. Fornix 6. Corpus callosum
**1. Caudate nucleus**
82
1. Frontal eye field 2. Parahippocampus 3. Insula 4. Supplementary motor cortex 5. Cingulate cortex 6. Prefrontal cortex
**6. Prefrontal cortex**
83
1. Pia mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Arachnoid granulation 4. Dural mater 5. Periostium 6. Dural sinus
**2. Arachnoid mater**
84
Identify structure 21. 1. Amygdala 2. Caudate nucleus 3. Dentate gyrus 4. Insula 5. Hippocampus 6. Mammillary body 7. Subiculum 8. Uncus
Identify structure 21. **1. Amygdala**
85
The vascular injury shown here is 1. Extradural 2. Subdural 3. Subarachnoid 4. Diffuse axonal injury 5. Contusion
The vascular injury shown here is 1. Extradural 2. Subdural 3. Subarachnoid 4. Diffuse axonal injury **5. Contusion**
86
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
**1. Uncal herniation**
87
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
**1. Uncal herniation**
88
A baby dies and the post-mortum reveals this finding alongside a subdural haemorrhage. What is the most likely cause of death? [1]
Shaken baby syndrome The **SBS** is characterized by a triad of encephalopathy, subdural hematomas and retinal hemorrhages.
89
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
**3. Sub-falcine herniation**
90
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
**1. Uncal herniation** Increased intracranial pressure in a 58-year-old man with right middle cerebral artery infarction causing marked bilateral uncal herniation with notching (arrows). The notching is more prominent on the right side
91
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
1. Uncal herniation
92
1. Uncal herniation 2. Tonsillar herniation 3. Sub-falcine herniation 4. Hydrocephalus 5. Mass effect
**2. Tonsillar herniation**
93
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural **Subdural** Subarachnoid Intracerebral
94
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
**Epidural**
95
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
**Subarachnoid**
96
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
**Subarachnoid**
97
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural **Subarachnoid** Intracerebral
98
Which type of haemorrhage is seen here Epidural Subdural Subarachnoid Intracerebral
**Epidural**
99
D. The diagnosis is tuberculous meningitis with foci of caseating necrosis (Your Answer) Feedback: CORRECT! The gross picture shows inflammatory exudates in the subarachnoid space, as well as several foci of caseous necrosis over the cerebellar hemispheres. Microscopy shows necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. A ZN stain should be done to look for acid=fast bacilli.
100
What is a form of learning whereby behaviour is changed because of the consequences? Classical conditioning Aversion therapy Operant condiitoning Negative reinforcement Attribution theory | Exam Q
What is a form of learning whereby behaviour is changed because of the consequences? Classical conditioning Aversion therapy **Operant condiitoning** Negative reinforcement
101
What is the name for when a hospital patient's well-being is negatively affected by factors such as loss of identity and feelings of powerlessness [1] | Exam Q
Insitituitonal neurosis
102
Which of the following accompanies taking drugs to escape adverse withdrawal effects Postive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Theory of reasoned action Low self efficacy | Exam Q
Which of the following accompanies taking drugs to escape adverse withdrawal effects Postive reinforcement **Negative reinforcement** Theory of reasoned action Low self efficacy
103
What is the main pharmocokinetic characteristic of phenytoin? [1] | exam q
Dose-dependent kinetics
104
Describe the effect of tiagabine on GABAnergic transmission? [1] | Exam Q
Blocks GABA uptake
105
Foetal malformations represent a main unwanted effect of an antiepileptic drug. Name this drug [1] | Exam Q
Phenytoin
106
Which dopamine pathway is involved in reward and addiction? [1] | Exam Q
Mesolimbic
107
Which part of the brain does MDMA alter in physiology to cause increased temperature? [1] | Exam q
Hypothalamus
108
Name two opiates metabolised to morphine in the body? [2] | Exam Q
Codiene; Heroin
109
[] is an effective pharmacotherapy to aid smoking cessation | Exam Q
**Bupropion** is an effective pharmacotherapy to aid smoking cessation
110
Neuroleptic side effects of schizophrenic drugs arise from blockade of dopamine receptors in which striatum [1] | Exam Q
Extrapyramidal symptoms
111
Risperidone blocks which 5-HT subtype? [1] | Exam Q
5-HT2A
112
Which drug can be used to reuced nausea induced by L-DOPA [1] | Exam Q
Carbidopa or benserazide
113
Which are the only neurons whose axons leave the cerebellar cortex? [1] | Exam Q
Purkinje cells
114
Which part of the limbic system is the nuclei involved in reward circuits? [1] Amygdala Nucleus accumbens Septal nuclei Uncus | Exam Q
**Septal nuclei**
115
Which part of the limbic system is the thought to be the emetional content of experiences Amygdala Nucleus accumbens Septal nuclei Uncus | Exam Q
**Amygdala**
116
Which cortical region is thought to be most involved in affactive and emotional behaviour [1] | Exam Q
Cingulate gyrus
117
Deja-vu is associated with epilepsy in which brain region of the brain? Frontal Temporal Occipital Parietal | Exam Q
Deja-vu is associated with epilepsy in which brain region of the brain? Frontal **Temporal** Occipital Parietal
118
**[]** cortex acts as an interface between hippocampus and cerebral cortex. | Exam Q
**Entorhinal** cortex acts as an interface between hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
119
Which region contains dopamine axons projecting to the accumbens nucleus? [1] | Exam Q
**VTA**
120
Chronic use of barbiturates will cause what physiological effect? [1] | Exam Q
**Induction of liver microsomal enzymes**
121
Which of the following is an example of an SSRI Paroxetine Phenelzine Phenytoin Lithium | Exam Q
Which of the following is an example of an SSRI **Paroxetine** Phenelzine Phenytoin Lithium
122
Name a symptom that occurs due to Amitriptyline blocking muscarinic receptors [1] | Exam q
dry mouth, constipation
123
Buspirone can be used to treat which disorder? [1] | Exam Q
Anxiety
124
Name a risk associated with the use of irreversible MAOA inhibitors [1] | Exam Q
Hepatoxicity
125
The cheese effect is due to the presence of which compound in certain food [1] | Exam Q
Tyramine
126
A 27-year-old has a severe head injury that has damaged the superior sagittal sinus. Between which two layers of the meninges does the superior sagittal sinus form? Arachnoid and pia Dura mater (inner layer) and arachnoid Dura mater (inner layer) and pia Dura mater (outer layer) and arachnoid Dura mater (outer layer) and dura mater (inner layer)
**Dura mater (outer layer) and dura mater (inner layer)**
127
Damage to this stucture would cause Truncal ataxia Tremo Babinski sign Hyperkinesia Bradykinesia
Damage to this stucture would cause **Truncal ataxia** Tremo Babinski sign Hyperkinesia Bradykinesia
128
These number lines are used to test 1. working memory 2. long-term memory 3. procedural memory 4. mathematical skills 5. perseveration
These number lines are used to test **1. working memory** 2. long-term memory 3. procedural memory 4. mathematical skills 5. perseveration

Yr 2 Qs (14 decks)

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