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AY Endocrine > Pituitary pathology > Flashcards

Pituitary pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of pituitary hyperfunction

A

Adenoma

Carcinoma

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2
Q

Causes of pituitary hypofunction

A 
Surgery/radiation 
Sudden haemorrhage into gland 
Ischaemic necrosis (Sheehan syndrome)
Tumours extending into sella 
Inflammatory conditions (sarcoidosis)
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3
Q

What can cause central diabetes insipidus?

A

Trauma

Inflammatory disorders of the hypothalamus & the pituitary

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4
Q

What can cause death in diabetes inspidus?

A

Dehydration

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5
Q

What is SIADH?

A

Ectopic secretion of ADH by tumours (primary disorder of the pituitary)

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6
Q

What is the most common functional pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

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7
Q

Symptoms/signs of prolactinoma

A

Infertility
Loss of libido
Amenorrhoea

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8
Q

What is the second most common functional pituitary adenoma?

A

GH secreting

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9
Q

Symptoms/signs of GH secreting pituitary adenoma

A

Increase in IGF

Stimulates bone growth, cartilage growth (Gigantism)

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10
Q

Signs of an ACTH pituitary adenoma?

A

Cushing’s disease

Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia

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11
Q

What type of tumour is an ACTH pituitary adenoma usually?

A

Microadenoma

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12
Q

What is a craniopharyngioma derived from?

A

Derived from remnants of Rathke’s pouch

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13
Q

Appearance of a craniopharyngioma?

A

Slow growing
Often cystic
May calcify

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14
Q

When do craniopharyngiomas tend to occur?

A

5-15 y/o

60-70 y/o

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15
Q

Presentation of craniopharyngioma

A

Headaches + visual disturbances

children may have growth retardation

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16
Q

What is the treatment for craniopharngioma and does it have a good prognosis?

A

Radiation

Excellent prognosis

17
Q

What is a rare complication of craniopharngioma treatment?

A

SCC

18
Q

Causes of panhypopituitarism

A 
Pituitary tumours 
Secondary metastatic tumours 
Local brain tumours 
Granulomatous 
Vascular disease 
Trauma 
Hyppothalamic disease 
Autoimmuna 
Infection
19
Q

Symptoms/signs of panhypopituitarism

A 
Menstrual irregularities 
Infertility/impotence 
Gynaecmastia 
Abdominal obesity 
Loss of facial hair 
Loss of axillary/pubic hair
Dry hair/skin 
Hypothyroid faces 
Growth retardation
20
Q

How much thyroxine should be given as replacement in panhypopituitarism?

A

100-150mcg/day

21
Q

How much hydrocortisone should be given as replacement in panhypopituitarism?

A

10-25mcg/day

22
Q

How can ADH be given as replacement in panhypopituitarism?

A

Desmospray, tablets or injection

23
Q

How is GH replacement given?

A

Nightly SC injection

24
Q

How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed?

A

Water deprivation test

25
Q

What familial syndrome causes diabetes inspidus?

A

Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD)

AY Endocrine (18 decks)

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