Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

endocrine (mine) > pituitary gland physiology + diseases > Flashcards

pituitary gland physiology + diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pituitary gland split into

A

anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the anterior pituitary gland derived from

A

Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland consist of

A

Island, cords of cells
Acidophils = somatotrophs and mammotrophs
Basophils
Chromophobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete

A 
TSH
ACTH
FSH & LH
GH
prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the posterior pituitary gland derived from

A

extension of neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland consist of

A

modified glial cells and axonal processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete

A

ADH

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what diseases affect the posterior pituitary gland

A

diabetes insipidus

SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what diseases affect the anterior pituitary gland

A

hyper and hypo function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is SIADH

A

inappropriate ADH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes SIADH

A

ectopic secretion of ADH by tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes diabetes insipidus (DI)

A 
DIDMOAD
ADH deficiency/renal resistance to ADH 
surgery
tumours
inflammatory disorders of pituitary and hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus

A

water deprivation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the normal result in a water deprivation test

A

urine/serum ratio >2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what result in a water deprivation test would suggest diabetes insipidus

A

<2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when would you suspect cranial diabetes insipidus

A

if urine/serum ratio improves after DDVAP (Desmopressin acetate tablets) is given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the treatment of diabetes insipidus

A

desmospray
desmopressin tablets
desmopressin injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when would a desmopressin injection be given

A

in an emergency

post pituitary surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is cranipharyngioma

A

tumour derived of remnants of Rathke’s pouch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does cranipharyngioma usually arise

A

within the sella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at what age does cranipharyngioma usually affect patients

A

5-15

60-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the symptoms of cranipharyngioma

A

headaches
visual disturbances
growth retardation (if a child)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the treatment of cranipharyngioma

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the side effect of treatment of cranipharyngioma

A

SSC may develop but this is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the causes of pituitary hypofunction

A 
surgery/radiation
sudden haemorrhage 
ischaemic necrosis 
tumours 
inflammatory conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what disease is caused by a decrease in TSH

A

hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what disease is caused by a decrease in LH or FSH

A

hypogonadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what disease is caused by a decrease in ACTH

A

hypoadrenal

29
Q

what are the symptoms of pituitary hypofunction in FEMALES

A 
menstrual irregularites 
infertility 
abdominal obesity 
loss of axillary and pubic hair
dry skin and hair
growth retardation (if a child)
30
Q

what are the symptoms of pituitary hypofunction in MALES

A 
impotence
gynaecomastia 
loss of facial, axillary and pubic hair
dry skin and hair
growth retardation (if a child)
31
Q

what is the treatment of pituitary hypofunction

A

hormone replacement

32
Q

what would be included in hormone replacement

A 
thyroxine
hydrocortisone
desmospray/tablets 
HG injections (SC)
sex steriods
33
Q

what must be done when starting a male on testosterone

A

monitor prostate via PR exam and PSA

monitor FBC for polycythaemia

34
Q

what side effect may occur with oral testosterone tablets, how is this checked

A

hepatitis

monitor LTFs

35
Q

what are the options for testosterone treatments

A

IM injection every 3-4 weeks (sustanon)
Skin gel (testogel, tostran)
Prolonged IM injection 10-14 wks (nebido)
Oral tablets (restandol)

36
Q

what causes acromegaly

A

excess GH

37
Q

what are the symptoms of acromegaly

A 
giantism (if happens before fusion of epiphyseal)
thickened soft tissues = nose, jaw, hands
snoring/sleep apnoea 
High BP
HF
Diabetes 
Headaches 
Colonic polyps and colon cancer
38
Q

what investigations can be done foracromegaly

A

IGF1 levels

GTT (suppression test)

39
Q

what is the diagnostic investigation for acromegaly

A

GTT suppression test

40
Q

what is the normal values you expect from a GTT investigation

A

HG is suppressed to <0.4

41
Q

what values would you expect from a GTT investigation of acromegaly was present

A

GH is unchanged after glucose (>1), may even rise

42
Q

what is the treatment of acromegaly

A

pituitary surgery

43
Q

how can you check if the surgery for acromegaly has been successful

A

retest GGT

retest IGF1

44
Q

when would you repeat surgery

A

if GTT >1 after 1st surgery

45
Q

what drugs can be used to treat acromegaly

A

somatostatin analogues
dopamine agonists
GH antagonists

46
Q

give examples of somatostatin analogues

A

Sandostain LAR
lanereotide
octreotide

47
Q

give an example of a dopamine agonist, when do they work best

A

cabergoline

works best if there is co-secretion of prolactin

48
Q

give an example of a GH antagonist, when are they used

A

pegvisomant

LAST LINE

49
Q

how do GH antagonists work

A

binds to G receptor to block GH activity

50
Q

how do GH antagonists affect GH and IGF1 levels

A

IGF1 decreases

serum GH may increase

51
Q

what is themes common type of pituitary adenoma

A

prolactinoma

52
Q

what is a prolactinoma

A

tumour which produced prolactin

53
Q

what causes raised prolactin levels

A 
pregnancy &amp; breastfeeding 
prolactinoma
stress 
drugs
hypothyroidism
54
Q

what dugs causes raised prolactin levels

A

dopamine antagonists e.g. metoclopramide

antipsychotics

55
Q

what are the symptoms of prolactinoma in MALES, when do they present

A 
late presentation
Impotency 
Visual field abnormalities 
Headache
Anterior pituitary malfunction
56
Q

what are the symptoms of prolactinoma in FEMALES, when do they present

A 
Early presentation
Galactorrhoea (30-80%)
Menstrual irregularity 
Amenorrhoea
Infertility
57
Q

what are the investigations of prolactinoma

A

serum prolactin
MRI of pituitary
visual field testing
pituitary functin tests

58
Q

what serum prolactin levels would make you suspect prolactinoma

A

> 1000 on 2 or more occasions

59
Q

what is the treatment of prolactinoma

A

dopamine agonists

60
Q

give examples of dopamine agonists

A

cabergoline = most common
quinagolide
bromocriptine

61
Q

what are the two types of pituitary adenomas

A

microadenomas <1cm

macroadenomas >1cm

62
Q

what are pituitary adenomas derived from

A

cells of the anterior pituitary

63
Q

how are pituitary adenomas classified

A

by the type of hormone produced

64
Q

what is a pituitary adenomas that does not produce hormones called

A

non-functioning

65
Q

what do the symptoms of pituitary adenomas depend on

A

which hormones are produced by the pituitary adenomas

66
Q

what symptoms would you suspect in a pituitary adenoma producing prolactin

A

infetility
lack of libido
amenorrhea

67
Q

what symptoms would you suspect in a pituitary adenoma producing GH

A

increase in IGF1

gigantism or acromegaly

68
Q

what symptoms would you suspect in a pituitary adenoma producing ACTH

A

cushings

endocrine (mine) (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions