*Pituitary Gland Flashcards
What is the pituitary gland’s nickname?
Master gland
–> produces tropic hormones
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
Anterior and Posterior
What does posterior mean?
Backside
What is stored in the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH and Oxytocin
What hormones are made in the anterior pituitary gland? (7)
HGH (Human Growth Hormone) TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Adrenocorticotropic hormone Prolactin MSH (Melanocyte Stimulation Hormone) FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) LH (Lutenizing Hormone)
Is the human growth hormone a target or non-target hormone?
Non-target hormone
Is HGH a protein or steroid hormone?
Protein
Where are anterior pituitary gland hormones produced and stored?
Pituitary gland
How does HGH effect the body?
Speeds up cell division
How does HGH speed up cell division? (2)
increases amino-acid uptake
Increase the metabolism of lipids
When discussing the HGH. What does the increase of amino-acid intake result in?
The increase of protein synthesis
When discussing HGH. How does the increase of metabolism of lipids help the division of cells?
Breaking down lipids gives energy
When does HGH spike?
During your growth spirt
When does HGH decrease to minimum or nonexistent amounts?
After growth has stopped
What are two causes of dwarfism?
Lack of growth hormones
Lack of all pituitary gland hormones –> major health and mental issues
What causes giantism?
The continuous production of HGH even after the appropriate growing period
Know the charts for a normal HGH level, dwarfism, giantism, and where the pituitary gland has something majorly wrong with it.
DONE
What does TSH stimulate?
Stimulates the thyroid gland
What is released by the thyroid gland when it is stimulated?
Thyroxin
What are the parts of words for the Adrenocorticotropic hormone: adreno, corti, and tropic?
Adreno = adrenal gland Corti = surface Tropic = a hormone that targets another gland
What does the Adrenocorticotropic hormone target?
The surface of the adrenal gland
What does the adrenal gland release after being stimulated by Adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Cortisol
Does prolactin give positive or negative feedback?
Positive
What does prolactin promote?
The production of breast milk
What initiates the production of prolactin?
Mechanoreceptors in the breast is stimulated by a nursing baby.
Mechanoreceptors send and action potential to the pituitary gland, prolactin is made and milk is produced
What are the parts of words for Melanocyte stimulating hormone: melano, and cyte?
Melano = pigment Cyte = cell
What is a melanocyte?
A pigment producing cell
What does the melanocyte stimulating hormone do?
Stimulates melanocytes to produce pigment (melonin)
Ex. Hair, skin, iris
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In the midbrain dangling off the hypothalamus
What is a gonadotropic hormone?
Any hormone that stimulates the gonad gland
What are the two most common gonadotropic hormones?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FHS) Lutenizing hormone (LH)
What does stimulating the follicle with FSH stimulate in women?
Stimulates nurse cells (granulosa cells) to care for developing egg cells
What does stimulating the follicle with FSH stimulate in men?
Stimulates nurse cells (Sertoli cells) to guard sperm cells
What are women nurse cells in the follicle called?
Granulosa cells
What are men nurse cells in the follicle?
Sertoli cells
What does the Lutenizing hormone stimulate in females?
Ovulation and the creation of the corpus luteum
What does the lutenizing hormone stimulate in men?
Stimulates interstitial cells of leydig
What do the interstitial cells of leydig produce?
Testosterone
For men, what can the lutenizing hormone also be called?
interstitial cell stimulating hormone
What is the corpus luteum?
The nurse cells left behind after ovulation
