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Biology 30 - The Endocrine System > *Pancreas > Flashcards

*Pancreas Flashcards

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1
Q

Is pancreas a endocrine or exocrine gland?

A

Both

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2
Q

What makes it an exocrine gland?

A

Secretes into the small intestine (GI track - doughnut hole of the body)

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3
Q

How diverse are the cells in the pancreas?

A

There are many types of cells which all have different functions
(Some produce enzymes and others produce hormones)

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4
Q

What is the function of the islet of langerhans cells?

A

Respond to blood levels

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5
Q

What are the three types of langerhans cells?

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta

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6
Q

Where are the islet of langerhans cells found?

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

What hormone does alpha islet cells produce?

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

What does glucagon help regulate?

A

Blood sugar levels

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9
Q

How does glucagon effect blood sugar levels?

A

Increases it

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10
Q

How does glucagon increase blood sugar levels

A

Activated enzymes in the liver which convert glycogen into glucose –> glucose is released into the bloodstream

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11
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Underneath and behind the stomach

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12
Q

What hormone do beta islet cells produce?

A

Insulin

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13
Q

What does insulin effect?

A

Blood sugar levels

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14
Q

What does insulin do to blood sugar levels?

A

Decreases them

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15
Q

How do beta islet cells decrease blood sugar levels?

A

It binds to the outside of cells opening their protein channels –> sugar moves into the cells and are used through glycolysis

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16
Q

What hormone do delta islet cells produce?

A

Somatostatin

17
Q

What does somatostatin control?

A

The release of HGH

18
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit?

A

Release of Gastrine

19
Q

What is the normal blood sugar level for a young adult?

A
  1. 5 mmol/L

- -> varies through the day

20
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes

A

Insipidus

Mellitus

21
Q

The problem of what hormone causes Insipidus diabetes?

A

ADH

22
Q

What are the 2 causes of Insipidus diabetes?

A

Low production of ADH

Cells don’t respond to ADH

23
Q

The problem with what hormone causes Mellitus diabetes?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What are the two causes of Mellitus diabetes?

A

Low production of insulin

Cells don’t respond to insulin

25
Q

What is type I diabetes?

A

Low production of insulin

26
Q

What is type II diabetes?

A

Cells insensitive to insulin

27
Q

Is type I or type II diabetes more common?

A

Type II

–> 95% of people with Mellitus

28
Q

What does it mean to by hypoglycaemic?

A

There is more sugar than calories in the body –> don’t burn enough calories

29
Q

What is the Edmonton Protocol?

A

Take islet cells from a healthy person and put them in a type I diabetic.

30
Q

For the Edmonton protocol why do patients have to take anti suppressants?

A

To stop the immune system from attacking the unfamiliar islet cells

31
Q

Why can you put islet cells anywhere in a persons body?

A

Not a part of the nervous system. Travel through the blood

Biology 30 - The Endocrine System (12 decks)

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