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Communication, Endocrinology and Pharmacology > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary

A 
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone 
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 
Follicle Stimulating Hormone 
Luteinising Hormone 
Growth Hormone 
Prolactin
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2
Q

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary

A

Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
Synthesised in hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

COntrols autonomic function
Controls endocrine function
Homeostasis and primitive function

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4
Q

What hormones are released into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A 
Thryotropin releasing hormone 
Corticotropin releasing hormone 
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone 
GH releasing hormone 
Somatostatin 
Dopamine
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5
Q

What is the diurnal rhythm of circulating cortisol

A

Peak at breakfast

Low at midnight

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6
Q

What are the actions of GH

A

Linear growth
Bone mass
Protein synthesis, lipolysis, glucose metabolism
Regulation of body composition

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7
Q

What is acromegaly

A

XS production of GH
Increase in Insulin like Growth Factor 1
Growth of soft/hard tissue
Can be due to pituitary tumour
Signs = spade like hands, thick lips, skin thickening

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8
Q

How do you diagnose acromegaly

A

Measure IGF-1 levels = reflects cumulative exposure to GH

Oral glucose tolerance test: glucose fails to surpress GH

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9
Q

How do you treat acromegaly

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy = effect delayed
Somatostain analogues

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10
Q

What does prolactin do

A

Increased levels during pregnancy and breast feeding

Inhibits gonadal activity

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11
Q

What is hyperprolactinaemia

A

High levels of prolactin due to dopamine antagonist or pituitary tumour which either secretes prolactin (prolactinoma) or disrupts comms between pituitary and hypothalamus

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia

A

Galactorrhoea

Hypogonadism

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13
Q

What does LH and FSH do

A 
LH = sex hormone secretion 
FSH = development of follicles
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14
Q

What does oxytocin do

A

Stimulate contraction of muscle in smooth muscle of breast (milk ejection) + uterus

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15
Q

What does ADH do

A

Increase permeability of collecting duct therefore urine more concentrated

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16
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

Decrease in ADH secretion

17
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus

A 
Polyuria = xs passage of urine
Polydipsia = xs thirst 
hypernatraemia = high serum Na+
18
Q

How do you diagnose diabetes insipidus

A

Dilute urine

Specialist + dangerous tests

19
Q

What is the treatment of diabetes insipidus

A

Oral/intranasal ADH analogues

Communication, Endocrinology and Pharmacology (15 decks)

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