Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome Flashcards
What are the types of adipose tissue distribution
Subcutaneous adipose
Visceral adipose
What is the metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular Risk factors Occurrence of 3/5 of Obesity High LDL Low HDL High fasting glucose Hypertension
What increases as a function of insulin resistance
Clinical events like hyperglycaemia, hypertension, macrovascular disease
What causes insulin resistance
Inherited = mutations for insulin receptors, glucose transporters etc. Acquired = inactivity, over eating
What is insulin sensitivity dependent on
Central abdominal fat
What secretes leptin
adiposecytes
What does leptin do
Inhibit release of orexigenic which stimulates eating
Stimulates release of anorexigenic which stops eating
Obesity = leptin deficiency/resistance
Why is lifestyle change important
Cardiovascular fitness can prevent development of metabolic syndrome
What does orlistat do
Inhibits hydrolysis of triglycerides thus reducing absorption of monoacglycerides + FFA
What does sibutramine do
Inhibition of norepinephrne, serotonin, dopamine reuptake at neuronal synapse to decrease appetite
What is rimonabant
Cannabinoid receptor. Affects the endocannabinoid system to decrease appetite
What does glucagon like peptide 1 do
Decrease gastric emptying Decrease appetite Imcrease cardiac output Increase insulin prod, secretion and sensitivity Decrease glucagon secretion
What do Na-Glucose co-transporters inhibitors do
Reduce reabsorption of filtered glucose
Decrease renal threshold for glucose
Increase urinary glucose excretion
What is bariatric surgery
Most effective to lose weight
What does 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 do
Convert active cortisol to inactive cortisone
Decrease BP, cholesterol, adipose differentiation
Increase insulin secretion and signalling
