Histology of Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are follicular cells

A
Squamous/low columnar 
Junctional complexes 
Rounded, Central nucleus 
Basally: RER 
Apically: Golgi, secretory granules, microvilli 
Secrete thyroglobulin
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2
Q

What are Parafollicular cells

A

Derived from neural crest

Synthesis + secrete calcitonin

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3
Q

What is the colloid

A

Gelatinous

Storage of secretory product

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4
Q

What is the parathyroid gland derived from

A

Pharyngeal pouches

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5
Q

What are chief cells

A

Small polygonal, rounded nuclei, pale staining

Secrete PTH

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6
Q

What are oxyphil cells

A

Abnormally shaped mitochondria

Larger than chief + paler staining

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7
Q

What are alpha, beta, delta and F cells in the endocrine part of the pancreas

A

Alpha cells = Glucagon. Usually at periphery
Beta cells = Insulin. Centrally located
Delta cells = somatostatin. Scattered
F Cells = Pancreatic polypeptide - pancreatic enzyme, intestinal motility. Head of pancrease

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8
Q

What does somatostain do

A

Inhibit release of other islet hormones

Inhibit release of GH/TSH in anterior pituitary

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9
Q

How does the autonomic nervous system influence regulation of glucose

A

Parasympathetic: Increase insulin + glucagon
Sympathetic: Increase glucagon, inhibit insulin

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10
Q

How do you identify Zona glomerulosa

A

Rounded/arched cords of columnar/pyrimidal cells

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11
Q

How do you identify Zona fasciculata

A

Long cords of large polyhedral cells

Densely filled with lipid droplets

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12
Q

How do you identify Zona reticularis

A

Smaller cells n irregular cords interwoven with capillaries

More heavily stained due to fewer lipid droplets

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13
Q

What cytoplasm does the adrenal cortex have

A

Acidophilic cytoplasm

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14
Q

How are the cells arranged in the adrenal medulla

A

Cells arranged in cords, supported by reticular fibres
A lot of capillaries between cords
Parasympathetic ganglion cells present

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15
Q

How do you identify chromaffin cells

A

Large, pale staining

Norepinephrine secreted by catecholamine cells is converted into epinephrine in these cels

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16
Q

What are the different zones in the anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis = cords of epithelial cells.
Pars tuberalis = funnel shaped
Pars intermedia = thin zone of basophillic cells

17
Q

What is the difference between acidophilic and basophilic

A

Both are staining methods. They stain for different types of cells
Acidophilic: Somatotropic, mammotropic
Basophilic: Gonadotropic, thyrotropic, corticotropic

18
Q

How is secretion in anterior controlled

A

Hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones produced by hypothalamic nuclei + stoed in axons, transported by capillaries to pars distalis

19
Q

What are pituicytes

A

Highly branched glial cells

Storage and release of neurohypophyseal hormones

20
Q

What are herring bodies

A

Contain neurohypophyseal hormones. Situated in pars nervosa

Nerve impulse trigger release of peptides to be taken up by capillaries