Drug Control of Diabetes Flashcards
How is insulin released
Glucose enters beta cells = increase ATP
Decrease activity of ATP sensitive K+ channel
Decrease K+ efflux
VG Ca2+ open, Ca 2+ enter
Insulin released
Explain biphasic release of insulin
1st Phase = beta cell secretion
2nd Phase = longer term action from enzyme action pathway
What is the treatment for type 1
Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Duration of action determined by rate of absorption
Short acting: Onset: 30mins
Long acting: Onset: 1-2hrs
What are the complications of type 1 treatment
Hypoglycaemia
Allergy
Lipodystrophy
What are the oral hypoglycaemic agents
Sulphonylureas (Gliclazide)
Increase increases insulin secretion
Can be short/long acting
Repaglimide = No suphonylurea moiety
What are the effects if sulphonylureas
Hypoglycaemia
Stimulate appetite
What are biguanides
Metformin
Increase glucose uptake + decrease gluconeogenesis
What are the side effects of biguanides
Lactic acidosis
GI problems
High risk of hypo
What are thiazolidinediones and what are the side effects
Increase insulin sensitivity
Fluid retention = heart failure due to xs load on heart
What is A Carbose
Decrease digestion of carbohydrates
Used for obese people
What is sitagliptin
Blocks breakdown of incretins to increase half life
Prolong breakdown of carbo
Increase insulin
