ping test 1 part 2 Flashcards
what is pericardium
double-walled sac
what are the two MAIN pericardium layers?
fibrous and serous
serous pericardium is made of two layers. what are they?
parietal and visceral
describe fibrous pericardium
superficial, protects, anchors to surrounding structures, prevents overfilling
layers of pericardium in order from external to internal
fibrous, parietal, visceral
describe serous pericardium
deep two layered
what two layers are fused together
fibrous and serous
what does the visceral pericardium sit on
heart muscle
what does the parietal pericardium do
lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
what is visceral pericardium
epicardium, external surface of heart
describe the parietal and visceral layers
two layers separated by serum-filled pericardial cavity, DECREASES FRICTION
is parietal or visceral bigger
parietal
epicardium
visceral layer
myocardium
cardiac muscle cells, intercalated discs
endocardium
simple squamous epithelium, PREVENTS BLOOD CLOTTING
is man was stabbed what layer is most affected
visceral
how do you remember cardiac sounds
APT-M 2245
aortic valve is where
2nd right intercostal space
pulmonic valve is where
2nd left intercostal space
tricuspid valve is where
4th left intercostal space
mitral area is where
5th middle intercostal space
where can you hear murmurs
mitral space
small square is how much
0.04s
large square is how much
0.25s
5 large squares are how much
1 seconds
how to calculate cardiac output (CO)
HR x SV
during p- wave what is happening
atrial depolarization (excitation)
during QRS complex what is happening
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
during T wave what is happening
ventricular repolarization
are intervals or segments longer
intervals
what happens during P-R interval
beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation
what happens during S-T segment
represents entire ventricular myocardium depolarization
what happens during QT
represents beginning of ventricular depolarizartion to ventricular repolarization
how do you calculate heart rate
60/RR
lub sound
closing of mitral and tricuspid valves
dub sound
closure of aortic and pulmonary valve
calculate SV
volume of blood by each ventricle per beat: 70mL/beat
