Pineal Gland/Thyroid Gland

Question 1

pineal gland

Answer 1

• small, cone-shaped body in posterior epithalamus
• secretes melatonin (links light conditions with behaviors)

Question 2

thyroid gland

Answer 2

butterfly-shaped with right and left lobes connected by a midline isthmus

Question 3

calcitonin

Answer 3

• thyroid gland
• lowers the level of calcium in the blood if its too high

Question 4

thyroxine

Answer 4

• thyroid gland
• vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development, a lot of body processes are regulated in thyroid

Question 5

hypothyroidism

Answer 5

hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

Question 6

causes of hypothyroidism

Answer 6

• primary failure of thyroid gland
• inadequate dietary supply of iodine (iodized salt)

Question 7

symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 7

• low BMR
• weight gain
• lethargy

Question 8

diseases/disorders of hypothyroidism

Answer 8

• goiter: enlarged thyroid
• cretinism: hyposecretion during first few months of life, results in slowed growth and intellectual disability

Question 9

hyperthyroidism

Answer 9

• common cause is Graves’ disease
• autoimmune disease
• hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Question 10

symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 10

• agitation
• nervousness
• bulging eyes
• goiter
• weight loss

Question 11

treatment of hyperthyroidism

Answer 11

• surgical removal of a portion of the over-secreting thyroid
• orbital decompression