Hypothalamic Control of Endocrine System

Question 1

function

Answer 1

• hypothalamus is a major control center of the endocrine system (especially pituitary)
• produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• controls the stimulation of the adrenal gland medulla

Question 2

hypothalamus secretes…

Answer 2

regulatory hormones that control the release of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 3

pituitary gland

Answer 3

• also called hypophysis
• housed in sella turcica of sphenoid bone (very protected)
• divided into anterior and posterior lobes

Question 4

infundibulum

Answer 4

pituitary stalk

Question 5

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

• adenohypophysis
• secretes many hormones
• highly vascular

Question 6

tropic hormones

Answer 6

• anterior pituitary
• secreted and act on other endocrine structures

Question 7

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 7

• anterior pituitary
• promotes growth and development of tissues, acts on skeletal and muscular systems, highest during infancy and childhood

Question 8

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 8

• anterior pituitary
• act on ovaries and testes, promotes gamete production

Question 9

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 9

• anterior pituitary
• acts on ovaries and testes, stimulates secretion of hormones (sex hormones)

Question 10

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 10

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates thyroid to secrete its hormones

Question 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 11

• anterior pituitary
• regulates secretion of substances from the adrenal cortex

Question 12

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 12

• anterior pituitary
• stimulates milk production in mammals

Question 13

endorphins

Answer 13

• anterior pituitary
• body’s natural pain killers, runners high, block pain receptors
• morphine: synthetic hormone, manmade, given and act as endorphins, blocks pain receptors

Question 14

anterior pituitary: clinical disorder examples

Answer 14

• hypersecretion: too much secretion
• hyposecretion: too little secretion
• pituitary dwarfism: hyposecretion of GH during periods of growth
• gigantism: hypersecretion of GH during periods of growth
• acromegaly: hypersecretion of GH during adulthood (bones of hands, face, and feet)

Question 15

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 15

hormones synthesized by hypothalamus, stored in posterior

Question 16

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/vassopressin

Answer 16

prevent fluid loss

Question 17

oxytocin

Answer 17

induces contraction of the uterus during childbirth

Question 18

synthetic form of oxytocin

Answer 18

pitocin, used when childbirth isn’t progressing