Pinatubo

Question 1

Where is Pinatubo located?

Answer 1

in the Phillipines

Question 2

What island is Pinatubo located on?

Answer 2

Luzon

Question 3

When was Pinatubo’s last eruption?

Answer 3

12th June 1991

Question 4

What sort of lava flow did Pinatubo have?

Answer 4

andesitic

Question 5

Describe andesitic lava?

Answer 5

thick and full of gas

Question 6

How does andesitic lava effect eruptions?

Answer 6

Makes them more explosive

Question 7

At what speed did pyroclastic flow descend from the crater?

Answer 7

20kmph

Question 8

How far up was a cloud of steam and gas sent?

Answer 8

30km up into the atmosphere

Question 9

What type of volcano is Pinatubo?

Answer 9

composite

Question 10

What is the main way that the effects of the eruption were mitigated?

Answer 10

volcanologists predicted the eruption so advanced warnings allowed 1000s of people to evacuate the area

Question 11

How many homes were damaged?

Answer 11

70,000

Question 12

How were power supplies, roads and bridges effected?

Answer 12

they were left unusable

Question 13

What happened to the water supply?

Answer 13

It became contaminated

Question 14

What other natural disaster hit at the same time as the eruption?

Answer 14

Typhoon Yunya

Question 15

Where were many people displaced to?

Answer 15

Shanty towns on the edge of Manila

Question 16

How did the gas cloud dispersion affect the world globally?

Answer 16

global temperature dropped temporarily(1991-93) -0.5 degrees Celsius

Question 17

What happened in the evacuation camps?

Answer 17

hundreds of people died from diseases (mainly measles, pneumonia and diahorrea)

Question 18

How much area of rice fields did the ash cover?

Answer 18

800km2

Question 19

What was closed and moved to singapore?

Answer 19

US air force base

Question 20

How did the US air force base moving affect the Filipino population?

Answer 20

many Filipinos lost their jobs and local trade suffered great loses

Question 21

What does PHIVOLCS stand for?

Answer 21

Philippine institute of volcanology and seismology

Question 22

What did the seismologists detect in March 1991?

Answer 22

they detected swarms of earthquakes beneath Pinatubo which indicated that magma was on the move

Question 23

What was the response to the detection in 1991?

Answer 23

-helicopters with gas monitoring equipment flew over the crater daily
-tiltmeters were installed to monitor the deformation of the surface as magma rises

Question 24

What happened when warnings were issued?

Answer 24

-local people evacuated
-vaccinations given to combat measles and flu
-international emergency aid provided for after the eruption+lahar

Question 25

How did Luzon authorities convert the US air base?

Answer 25

they converted it into Clark International Airport

Question 26

How many people does Clark international airport now employ?

Answer 26

47,000

Question 27

What are some long term initiatives that the Luzon authorities have established?

Answer 27

- dykes + dams to protect against lahars and flash floods

Question 28

What did the gas cloud contain?

Answer 28

10mil tonnes of sulphur dioxide