Nigeria Flashcards
What are Nigeria’s bordering countries?
Benin, Chad, Niger, and Cameroon
What part of Africa is Nigeria located in ?
north-West Africa
Why is Nigeria’s geo location advantageous?
-has access to the sea for trading
-central location with access to many trading partners
-size means it covers a variety of environments allowing a range of crops to be grown
Why is Nigeria’s geo location disadvantageous?
prone to flooding in the South and drought in the North
What is Nigeria currently 7th globally for?
population
What is Nigeria’s predicted population growth?
191 million to 390 million
Why is a large growing population good?
creates a large geographic dividend
When did Nigeria gain independence from Britain?
in 1960
What happened post independence?
conflict between ethnic groups as each group looked to take control of power due to sharp cultural and political differences
After what is democracy established?
a number of civil wars and conflict
What developed to hinder the functioning of the government?
corruption
What do ethnic groups fight over in the South?
oil
What do the Islamic terrorist group Boko Haram use to recruit?
the inequality seen in the North
What have Boko Harams bombings and kidnappings caused?
fear resulting in 2.4m people being displaced
How many different ethnic groups does Nigeria have?
500
What are the main ethnic groups in Nigeria and their percentages?
Yoruba(21%),Hausa and Fulani(29%), and Igbo(18)
What are Yoruba and Igbo mainly?
Christian and found in the South
What religion do most Hausa and Fulani practice?
islam
Where are most Hausa and Fulani residing?
in the North
What has rapid rural-urban migration caused?
caused some traditional tribal differences to be broken down
What is the negative impact of rural-urban migration on tribal differences?
conflict still exists which means investment could be discouraged
What does Nigeria’s wide range of natural environments form?
a series of bands across the country from W-E
What is the trend in rainfall from south to North
rainfall decreases
What is an environmental characteristic of the North of Nigeria?
arid
What does short grass savanna in North support?
pastoral livestock
What are the environmental characteristics of the South of Nigeria?
High temperatures and high annual rainfall; similar to a rainforest climate
What type of crops are grown in the South?
cash crops such as cocoa, rubber and palm oil
What type of crops are grown in the North?
peanuts
What is the Niger Delta region rich in?
oil and natural gas
How much of the GDP is produced from oil and natural gas?
over 14%
What are some of the disadvantages of the oil abundance?
-battle for control of the region amongst ethnic groups
-locals being forced of the land by the industry
-an increase in piracy and oil spills damaging the coastal ecosystems
-contribution to global warming
What percentage of global malaria deaths does Nigeria account for?
19%
What is Nigeria’s GNI?
$364bn
What is Nigeria’s economy predicted to be worth in 2050?
US$4.9tn
How has Nigeria’s industrial structure changed since 2000?
primary industry has fallen from 70-30%
tertiary sector has grown from 20-50%
What percentage of people live on less than $1.90 a day?
53.5%
What percentage of Nigeria’s economy is made up of agriculture?
20
How many industrial plants does Nigeria have?
5000
How many illegal small scale industries does Nigeria have?
10,000
What environmental impacts has unregulated growth had?
-pollution of nearby land and rivers as toxic waste is dumped or leaked
-harmful pollutants go into open drains putting people and ecosystems at risk
-breathing and lung problems come from a huge number of fumes
What has economic growth allowed for?
investment in some areas of agriculture with fertilisers and pesticides used to increase yield
Why do companies and countries not see Nigeria as a stable place to invest?
due to the terrorist threat of Boko Haram
What are Nigeria’s main exports?
crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber cocoa, and cotton
Where do 50% of Nigeria’s exports go?
Europe
What is one of Nigeria’s fastest growing imports?
telephones
What is Nigeria’s rank globally for number of mobile phones owned?
7th
Who is Nigeria’s biggest customer for crude oil?
India
How as crude oil exports changed from 2013 to 2014?
increased by 40%
How could Nigeria lose out in trading partnerships?
as it is more profitable to sell high value goods than raw materials
How has China formed a close relationship with Nigeria?
By investing in its infrastructure such as as a US$12bn railway on the coast
What political groups are Nigeria part of?
OPEC and African Union
What does OPEC stand for?
Organisation of Petroleum exporting countries
What is the advantage of being part of OPEC?
Nigeria can determine oil prices and levels of production for it benefit
What is the advantage of being part of the African Union?
it can work together with other African nations for a more prosperous future
What does TNC stand for?
Trans National Corporation
What is typical of a TNC?
to have its headquarters in a HIC and its production plants in NEE/LICs
How many TNCs are there in Nigeria?
40
Examples of TNCs in Nigeria
Unilever and KFC
When was oil discovered in the Niger Delta?
in 1958
What is an advantage of a TNC tax revenue?
tax revenue can be spent by the government on services which can aid development
What is an advantage of a TNC markets?
wealthier market stimulates growth in other sectors as more people become consumers
How many oil related jobs have been created in Nigeria?
250,000
What is an advantage of TNCs jobs?
multiplier effect means jobs are created in other industries
What is an advantage of TNCs on industries?
more FDI as more companies attracted by growing economy
What is an advantage of TNCs infrastructure?
can provide new infrastructure that helps economic development
What are the disadvantages of TNCs?
-large proportion of profits go back to HIC where headquarters are located
-oil infrastructure has been a focus for terrorist action
-created divides between tribal groups
-oil spills have damaged the local ecosystems as local laws are too weak or not enforced
-TNCs are footloose meaning they can withdraw investment if the are a becomes difficult or unprofitable
-employees often work long hours for low wages
What has Shell been accused of?
human rights abuses against the Ogoni people
How has Nigeria’s HDI improved from 2005 to 2017?
increased from 0.465 to 0.532, a 14% increase
How has life expectancy increased in Nigeria from 2005 to 2017?
from 49 to 54
How has GNI per capita increased in Nigeria?
from $3830 to $5680
What has increased national wealth lead to?
investments in healthcare and education
What has been a major factor in holding back economic development?
corruption
What was oil wealth not used to do?
to diversify the economy
What could be a problem in the future?
Nigeria’s dependence on oil
How is the inequality gap widend?
tax revenue often does not reach the population
How many Nigerian tried to enter the EU in 2017?
18,000
What two types can aid be divided into?
Official Overseas Assistance and Voluntary Aid given by NGOs
What two groups can ODA be split into?
multilateral aid and bilateral aid
Definition of multilateral aid:
given by a donor country to an organisation and then redistributed to the recipient country
Advantage of multilateral aid
can be distributed more fairly based on need
Disadvantage of multilateral aid
sometimes the stream of money means the country become dependent on aid rather that finding its own path
Definition of bilateral aid
aid given directly from one country to another
Disadvantage of bilateral aid
sometimes it is tied ais which means there may be conditions making the recipient buy good or services for aid. This therefore really benefits the donor
What two groups can voluntary aid be split into?
Short term aid and long term aid
Definition of short term aid
given to cope with immediate problems like natural disasters or war
Advantage of short term aid
can provide people with basic needs such as food an water
Disadvantage of short term aid
can dry up when HIC economies suffer slow down, and when it eventually disappears, people must fend for themselves
Definition of Long term development
Given to cope with long term problems by providing local communities with education and skills for development
Advantage of long term development
builds resilience in communities and is sustainable
Disadvantage of long term aid
if aid is not directed properly it can have long term consequences
How many mosquito nets where donated by the world Bank?
60m
What type of programme did the UK government fun?
health and HIV programme providing health education in rural areas
How many people did the UN World Food Programme provide food to and why?
40,000 people in Northern Nigeria due to conflict with Boko Haram
What has China provided Nigeria with and against who?
arms, and training to Nigerian forces against Boko Haram
