Pilliavin

Question 1

what type of experiment was this

Answer 1

field experiment

Question 2

What desgin does this expeirment use

Answer 2

Indepednant measures using observational techniques it is aslo a snapshot study

Question 3

What were the IV’s for this study

Answer 3

type of victim (drunk or cane)
Race (black or white)
Presence of model
Group size

Question 4

What were DV’s for this studytime

Answer 4

time it took for help to be offerd
NUmber of people who offerd to help

Question 5

How were the ppts gatherd

Answer 5

Opportunuty sample of passengers on a NYC subway during middle of the day(11am to 3pm) through the period from 15April to 26 june 1986

Question 6

mean number of people per car during these hours

Answer 6

43

Question 7

who played the role of the victim and modles

Answer 7

Confedreates

Question 8

Describe the confederates

Answer 8

General studies students from columbia uni NYC between 24 and 35yrs

Question 9

describe the 4 teams

Answer 9

Each team consisted of a male victim, male model and 2 female observers to record activity

Question 10

How many trails was there

Answer 10

103

Question 11

where did the victim always stand

Answer 11

Next to the pole in the centre of the crtical area

Question 12

How long did take for the victim staged a collpase

Answer 12

70seconds and remained on the floir until help was forthcoming or until the train stopped when the model hlped him up

Question 13

how many trials did the victim smell of liqour

Answer 13

38

Question 14

65 trials

Answer 14

Appreaed sober and carried a black cane

Question 15

how much more is a person using a cane likely to get help more than drunk

Answer 15

95% versus 50%

Question 16

what % of cane people were helped before the model acted

Answer 16

87% whereas 17% the drunk victimes were helped

Question 17

median time for someone to help the cane person

Answer 17

5 seconds

Question 18

median time for someone to help the drunk person (non model conditiojn)

Answer 18

109 seconds

Question 19

Race and gender results

Answer 19

90% of first helpers were male whereas 60% of passengers were male

Question 20

Conclusions

Answer 20

action will depend on whether the rewards of helping are greater than the costs of not helping

the situtaion creates heightend arousal the decison to help is motivated by a selfish desire to get rid of the unpleasent emotional state

Question 21

was diffusion of responsibility found?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

positives

Answer 22

large sample, ethnic diversity, generalisable, high level of control, fairly ecologically valid, reliable, quan + qual data

Question 23

negatives

Answer 23

atypical, only urban people, extraneous variables, dramatic scene, less drunk trials, no consent, can’t withdraw

Question 24

How were the ppts gatherd?

Answer 24

Opportunity

Question 25

What was the Critical area-early condition?

Answer 25

Model stood in critical area & asked if he needed help after 70 seconds

Question 26

What was the Critical area-late condition?

Answer 26

Model stood in critical area & asked if he needed help after 150 seconds

Question 27

What was the quantitative data?

Answer 27

Number of helpers & speed at which they offered help
*Race, gender and location of helpers
*If anyone moved out of the critical area

Question 28

What was the qualitative data?

Answer 28

Comments made by passengers during the incident

Question 29

Strengths

Answer 29

Field experiment
-High ecological validity
-Natural setting and behavior
*Both quantitative and qualitative data collected

Question 30

Weaknesses

Answer 30

*Field experiment
-Less control over variables
-Problems of recording data (especially verbal comments)
Difficult to replicate