ainsworth and bell backgrund

Question 1

Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis

Answer 1

continual disruption of the attachment between infant and primary caregiver (i.e., mother) could result in long-term cognitive, social, and emotional difficulties for that infant

Question 2

Harlow:

Answer 2

wanated to study mechanisms by which newbron rhesus bond with their mothers.
infants were highly depednant on thier mother for mothers for nutrition, protection comfort and soxuluzation.

harlow beleived infnats have inate biological need to tocuh and cling to something for emtional comforrt

Question 3

study 1 harlow:

Answer 3

the monkeys was reared in isloation from birth they had no contact with each other and anybody else. he then put them back with other monkeys to see what the effect was.
- the monkeys behaviour such as clutching thier own bodies and rocking compuslivley
- the monkeys was placed back with other monkeys and the monkey acted agressive towards them.
- harlow conclcuded that privation ( never forming an attachment bond) is perm damagaing ( to monkeys)

Question 4

study 2 harlow:

Answer 4

Infant monkeys reared with surrogate mothers – 8 monkeys were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and placed in cages with access to two surrogate mothers, one made of wire and one covered in soft terry toweling cloth. Four of the monkeys could get milk from the wire mother and four from the cloth mother. The animals were studied for 165 days.
Both groups of monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother (even if she had no milk). The infant would only go to the wire mother when hungry. Once fed it would return to the cloth mother for most of the day. If a frightening object was placed in the cage the infant took refuge with the cloth mother (its safe base).
This surrogate was more effective in decreasing the youngsters fear. The infant would explore more when the cloth mother was present. This supports the evolutionary theory of attachment, in that it is the sensitive response and security of the caregiver that is important (as apposed to the provision of food).

Question 5

Lorenz:

Answer 5

Lorenz (1935) took a large clutch of goose eggs and kept them until they were about to hatch out. Half of the eggs were then placed under a goose mother, while Lorenz kept the other half beside himself for several hours.

• when the geese hatched lorenz imitated a mother ducks quacking sound this caused the birds to think hes the mother and followed him
• he concljded that geese follow first moving objecy they see during a 12-17 month critical period after hatching this is called imprinving