Piliavin + Levine

Question 1

Piliavin
(Aim)

Answer 1

Measure the effect of several variables on helping behaviour

Question 2

Piliavin
(Research method)

Answer 2

Field experiment

Question 3

Piliavin
(Participants)

Answer 3

. 4450
. Opportunity

Question 4

Piliavin
(Procedure)

Answer 4

. 70s after the train left, victim collapsed

. Wait for help
. If no one helped, the model helped

. At the end of the trial, experimenters got off the train and boarded a train in opposite direction

Question 5

Piliavin
(IV and DV)

Answer 5

IV - Race of victim
Type of victim
Use of model

DV - Race and gender of helper
Which victim was helped the most.

     Speed of helping

Question 6

Piliavin
(Controls)

Answer 6

Same bomber jacket

Question 7

Piliavin
(Results)

Answer 7

. Ill victim - 95%
. Drunk victim - 50%
. 90% who helped were men

Question 8

Piliavin
(Conclusion)

Answer 8

. Race of victim and helper did not have an effect

. Once one person helped, others did

. No diffusion of responsibility

Question 9

Piliavin
(Sampling bias)

Answer 9

. Ignores part of the population
. Both races and gender
. Large sample

Question 10

Piliavin
(Validity)

Answer 10

. High ecological validity
. No control after 70s

Question 11

Piliavin
(Ethics)

Answer 11

. Protection from harm
. No informed consent
. No right to withdraw
. Deceive
. No debrief

Question 12

Piliavin
(Type of data)

Answer 12

. Quantitative - Results
. Qualitative - People’s comments

Question 13

Piliavin
(Reliability)

Answer 13

. Low
. No standardise procedure after 70s

Question 14

Piliavin
(Usefulness)

Answer 14

Show no diffusion of responsibility

Question 15

Piliavin
(Ethnocentrism)

Answer 15

Same station, city and country

Question 16

Levine
(Aim)

Answer 16

Compare helping behaviour in the largest city of 23 countries

Question 17

Levine
(Research method)

Answer 17

. Field experiment
. Correlation

Question 18

Levine
(Participants)

Answer 18

. 2000 (people with disabilities not included)

. Local individual was the experimenter

. All male, collage age and dress neatly

Question 19

Levine
(Procedure)

Answer 19

. All experimenters receive training
. Carried out in two location in city centres during office hours on summer

. Helping was tested in 3 situations
- Dropped pen, 215 men and 210 women

• Hurt leg, 250 men and 240 women
• Blind person, 280

Question 20

Levine
(Results)

Answer 20

. Highest - Rio de Janeiro 93%
. Lowest - Kuala Lumpur 40%
. Helping rate was consistent

Question 21

Levine
(Conclusion)

Answer 21

. Poorer cities, more helpful
. Simpatico countries are more helpful

Question 22

Levine
(Sampling bias)

Answer 22

. Large sample
. Only male experimenters
. No children or elderly
. During office hours