Milgram + Bocchiaro

Question 1

Milgram
(Aim)

Answer 1

Measure the level of obedience to an authority figure

Question 2

Milgram
(Research method)

Answer 2

Controlled observation

Question 3

Milgram
(Participants)

Answer 3

. 40 male volunteers
. Recruited via newspaper ads
. Aged 20-50
. Paid 4,50 for participation

Question 4

Milgram
(Procedure)

Answer 4

. Rigged draw
. Learner was an actor
. Learner was in a separate room
. Learner could only be heard
. Teacher told word pairs to learner
. Schock the learner each time he got a word wrong

. Starting with 15v to 450v
. Standardise promts were used

Question 5

Milgram
(Controls)

Answer 5

. Same authority figure
. Same learner
. Same standardise promts
. Same response to shocks

Question 6

Milgram
(Results)

Answer 6

. All obeyed up to 300v
. 26 continued to 450v
. 5 dropped out after 300v
. 9 dropped out between 315v and 375v
. Many show signs of stress

Question 7

Milgram
(Conclusions)

Answer 7

. Most showed a high level of obedience
. The power of obedience outweighed their personal moral beliefs

Question 8

Milgram
(Sampling bias)

Answer 8

. 40 male only
. Use of different ages
. Unable to generalise (female)

Question 9

Milgram
(Validity)

Answer 9

Low ecological validity
(Not an everyday situation)

Question 10

Milgram
(Ethics)

Answer 10

. No protection from harm
. No informed consent
. No rigth to withdraw
. Deceive

Question 11

Milgram
(Type of data)

Answer 11

. Quantitative - Average voltage
. Qualitative - comments, body language

Question 12

Milgram
(Reliability)

Answer 12

High reliability

Question 13

Milgram
(Usefulness)

Answer 13

Explains events such as the holoucast

Question 14

Milgram
(Ethnocentrism)

Answer 14

Yes. Only one university

Question 15

Bocchiaro
(AIm)

Answer 15

. Investigate rates of obedience, disobedience and whistleblowing

. Investigate accuracy of people’s estimates

Question 16

Bocchiaro
(Research method)

Answer 16

Lab experiment

Question 17

Bocchiaro
(Participants)

Answer 17

(Experimental group)
. 150 undergraduate students
. Self selected (Flyers in uni cafe)

(Comparison group)
. 140 student were given a description of the experiment

. They were asked two questions
- What would you do?
- What would the average student at your university do?

. Independent measures

Question 18

Bocchiaro
(Procedure)

Answer 18

. Participants were tested individually
. Experimenter explained that they were investigating the effect of sensory deprivation

. Participants were ask to write a statement to convince other students

. Negative effects could not be mentioned
. if they believe that the research was unethical, they could fill the ethics form

. The experimenter gave out two personality test and a measure of their religious beliefs.

. Participants were fully debrief

Question 19

Bocchiaro
(Results)

Answer 19

(Experimental group)
. 77% obeyed
. 14% disobeyed
. 9% whistleblow
- 6% ethics form + statement
- 3% only ethics form

(Comparison group)
. Estimates of their behaviour
- 4% obedient
- 32% disobedient
- 65% whisleblowers

. Predictions of others
- 19% obedient
- 44% disobedient
- 37% whistleblowers

Question 20

Bocchiaro
(Conlusion)

Answer 20

. Whistleblowing is uncommon
. People are not accurate in making judgement

. People are very obedient

Question 21

Bocchiaro
(Sampling bias)

Answer 21

. Large sample
. Just uni student
. They were paid

Question 22

Bocchiaro
(Validity)

Answer 22

. High internal and ecological validity

Question 23

Bocchiaro
(Ethics)

Answer 23

. Protection from harm
. No informed consent
. Rigth to withdraw
. Deceive
. Debrief

Question 24

Bocchiaro
(Type of data)

Answer 24

. Quantitative
. Dont know why some people filled the statement and ethics form

Question 25

Bocchiaro
(Reliability)

Answer 25

High reliability

Question 26

Bocchiaro
(Usefulness)

Answer 26

. Shows how whistleblowing is rare
. Individual is not the problem

Question 27

Bocchiaro
(Ethnocentrism)

Answer 27

. One university
. Attept to look at differences with personality test