Pilgrimage of Grace Flashcards

1
Q

Which historian proposed the court conspiracy thesis?

A

Elton - argued that the Pilgrimage of Grace was predominantly caused by the efforts of a court faction (not convincing when we look at how many common people were involved)

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2
Q

Which historian proposed the popular rebellion thesis?

A

Dodds - it was ‘a truly popular movement’, started by the common people and joined by the elite

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3
Q

What did historian M.E. James say about the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

The unrest was the result of popular grievances, but it was a movement which united all members of society, with the common people being religiously motivated and the elite being politically motivated.

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4
Q

M.E. James quote on Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

‘All sectors of Lincolnshire society rose together.’

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5
Q

Examples of religious houses restored by the rebels?

A

Cartmel, Conishead and Sawley - as many as 16 of the 55 that had been dissolved by this point.

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6
Q

Which circulated rumour may have motivated the rebellion?

A

Cromwell was going to remove all churches and leave one every 5 miles.

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7
Q

Which late 20th century historians argued that the PoG was a religious uprising?

A

Haigh, C.S.L. Davies and Scarisbrick

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8
Q

What does the banner of the PoG reveal about the nature of the rebellion?

A

Religious imagery (e.g. 5 wounds of Christ) reveal the religious motivations behind the uprising.

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9
Q

What leader Robert Aske consider to be the ‘mainstay’ of the rebellion?

A

Religion

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10
Q

Quote from the oath that suggests that the rebels did not intend to overthrow the king (making it less serious)?

A

Talk of the ‘preservation of the King’s person’

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11
Q

Quote from the oath that suggests highly religious motivations?

A

‘Take afore you the Cross of Christ and in your hearts His faith’

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12
Q

Social motivations behind the PoG?

A

The dissolution of the monasteries had destroyed the main source of healthcare, education and welfare support in many communities.

Poor harvests in 1535/6 had hit peasants hard.

Commoners were upset at the destruction of their traditional holidays e.g. Feast of Corpus Christi

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13
Q

Evidence that the dissolution affected local communities?

A

Over 100 small religious houses in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire had been shut, getting rid of the communities’ main source of education and healthcare.

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14
Q

Examples of socio-economic grievances in the 24 Articles?

A

Social - e.g. Article 13 called for all enclosures put up since 1489 to be pulled down

Economic - e.g. Article 9 complaining about high rates of rent

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15
Q

Examples of political grievances in the 24 Articles?

A

Called for Cromwell, Layton and Legh to have ‘condign punishment’.

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16
Q

What new economic legislation did the gentry resent?

A

1536 Statute of Uses - highlighted the King’s feudal right to claim property on the death of a tenant

17
Q

How did taxes motivate the PoG?

A

Peasants were expected to pay a tax on how many cattle and sheep they owned as well as a tenancy fee.

A rumour was spread that a tax was going to be placed on rites of passage, like baptism and marriage.

18
Q

How did rent motivate the PoG?

A

Rent increases seem to have stirred the peasants to rebellion (however, some historians don’t see this as a valid factor as it would mean that far more of the country would have rebelled).

19
Q

Which historians have stated that socio-economic grievances motivated the PoG?

A

R.R. Reid, A.G. Dickens

20
Q

Why does G.E Elton propose the court conspiracy thesis?

A

Argued that there was discontent among gentry who had hoped, and failed, to gain traction at court after the fall of the Boleyn faction.

Said that they ASSISTED in the rebellion, did not conjure it up.

21
Q

Who did the rebels criticise the casting aside of?

A

Catherine of Aragon and Lady Mary

22
Q

What political motivation was cited in the 24 Articles?

A

Wanted to ‘purify’ the nobility, Privy Council and gentry.

23
Q

Who did the rebels criticise?

A

Henry’s ‘evil councillors’.

24
Q

How many rebels rose in Lincolnshire?

A

30,000

25
Q

How many rebels rose in Yorkshire?

A

40,000

26
Q

How many rebels rose in Cumberland?

A

15,000

27
Q

How many people were executed for involvement in the rebellion?

A

Approximately 100 in London and 74 in Carlisle - small given the size of the rebellion.

28
Q

Examples of policies stopped because of the seriousness of the rebellion?

A

Stopped collecting the 1534 subsidy

Rack renting and entry fines stopped for a while

Dissolution of smaller monasteries suspended for a time (but continued again in 1539)

29
Q

How did the rebellion impact the Bishop’s Book 1537?

A

Forced a compromise - 4 lost sacraments were reasserted

30
Q

Examples of gentry involved in the rebellion?

A

Sir Christopher Danby, Lord Latimer, Lord Hussey - this was bad because it meant that nobody was putting down the rebellion locally.

31
Q

Example of noble involved in the rebellion?

A

Lord Darcy - handed over Pontefract Castle to the rebels

32
Q

What religious policies did the rebellion fail to influence?

A

Cromwell’s Injunctions and the English Bible

33
Q

Evidence of lack of foreign involvement

A

Letter from Chapuys suggested that the Pope should get involved but he didn’t

Charles V never involved himself

34
Q

How big was Norfolk’s royal army?

A

Only 8,000 - could have easily been beaten by the rebels