Henry's Later Foreign Policy 1530-47 Flashcards
Why are we isolated by 1529?
Left out of Peace of Cambrai between Charles V and Francis I
With whom did Cromwell begin talks with in 1533?
League of Schmalkalden
What happened in 1536 which removed the obstacles in the way of an alliance with Charles V?
Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn died
What happened in 1538 which put England in a precarious position?
Truce of Nice
Excommunication
Reginald Pole
Auld Alliance renewed
What was the Truce of Nice?
Ended war between Charles V and Francis I
Why was the excommunication so dangerous?
Announced to the Catholic world that Henry VIII was not the legitimate King of England and absolved English Catholics from obedience to their ruler
Why was Reginald Pole so dangerous?
He was on a mission to bring Charles and Francis together against England. Furthermore, he posed a Yorkist threat
Why was the Auld Alliance renewed in 1538?
Marriage between James V and Marie of Guise (even more insultingly, Marie had previously rejected Henry’s marriage proposal)
Why was Henry completely without allies in 1539?
Charles and Francis signed a pact not to negotiate separately with England
What did the Pope do in 1539 which threatened England?
Paul III sent Cardinal Beaton to Scotland and Cardinal Pole to France to rouse support for a Catholic crusade against Henry
How did Henry respond to the threats of 1538/9?
Married Anne of Cleves to pursue an alliance with the League of Schmalkalden (however, this became redundant due to the breakdown of relations between Francis and Charles)
Who did Henry ally with in 1542?
Charles V - both sides agree to a joint invasion of France
How did James V humiliate Henry?
1541 - had agreed to meet with Henry at York but never turned up
What happened in November 1542?
Battle of Solway Moss
How many troops fought at Solway Moss?
10,000 Scots vs 3,000 Englishmen
What was signed in 1543?
Treaty of Greenwich, which agreed that Edward and Mary would marry.
Why did the Treaty of Greenwich break down?
Marie of Guise appeals to the Pope and gets the Treaty repudiated
What was launched in 1544?
The Rough Wooing - Earl of Hertford sent to destroy large parts of Edinburgh and the lowlands
How did France respond to English aggression in Scotland?
Sent troops and defeated the English at the Battle of Ancrum Moor in 1545
When was Mary Queen of Scots sent away from Scotland?
1546
What happened in June 1544?
Henry VIII attacked France, but ignored the plan to attack Paris. His troops marched on and successfully took Boulogne
Charles V felt let down with his ally
How did Charles V respond to Henry ignoring the invasion plan?
Made a peace with Francis with the Peace of Crepy
What happened in July 1545?
French ships sailed into English waters at Portsmouth in an attempted invasion - failed due to bad weather and poor organisation
How big was the French invasion fleet?
220 ships and 30,000 soldiers
What treaty was made in 1546?
Treaty of Campe with France
Details of the Treaty of Campe?
England would keep Boulogne for 8 years. France would then buy it back for £800,000 and pay an annual pension of £35,000 a year
