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DVM3 > piggies > Flashcards

piggies Flashcards

1
Q

What are some manifestations of reproductive failure?

A
  • Normal return to oestrus
  • Delayed return to oestrus (>25d)
  • Abortion
  • Stillbirths
  • Mummification
  • Small litter size
  • Failure to farrow (NIP)
  • Abnormal piglets
  • decreased neonatal survival
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2
Q

When does skeletal calcification occur?

What about the two oestrone sulphate signals?

A

Day 35

Day 12-14
Day 16-20

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3
Q

From what date can US be used for preg dx?

A

day 23

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4
Q

A delayed return to oestrus is after how many days?

A

25d (cf normal 18-24d)

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5
Q

What 4 factors do you need to broadly consider with conception failure?

A

Mating mngt
Boar factors
Sow factors
Housing

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6
Q

What are some infectious causes of repro failure?

A 
Lepto
Erysipelas
Parvo
Encephalomyocarditis virus
Brucellosis
Endometritis (E. coli and Eubacterium suis)
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7
Q

How might you dx porcine circovirus type 2?

A 
Histo of  heart (myocarditis)
Demonstrate Ag (PCR, immunohistochem)
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8
Q

How might you dx brucellosis in pigs?

A

microscopic examinations of stained smears of vaginal swabs, placentas and aborted foetuses
Culture
PCR

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9
Q

When is the pig rut? When does farrowing occur? When is lactational anoestrus? WHen is non breeding season?

A

Late autumn/ early winter
Spring
Lactate for 3-4 months with gradual weaning
Summer/ autumn

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10
Q

How long is milk let-down?

A

10-20 secs every hour

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11
Q

What are some clinical signs of nervous conditions in pigs?

A
  • dull
  • blind
  • head pressing
  • head tilt
  • Incoordination
  • paddling
  • convulsions
  • squeaky voice
  • death
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12
Q

What is the diagnostic feature of blood tests of hypoglycaemic piglets?

A

<85mg/dL

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13
Q

How can you treat or prevent oedema disease in pigs?

A

Tx: Parenteral antibiotics
Vit E/ Selenium
Anti-infl.
BUT poor px.

Prevent via:

  • in feed medication (strategically)
  • autogenous oral vaccination pre-exposure
  • zinc Oxide
  • acids
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14
Q

What neurological disorder may cause cerebral oedema and coning of the cerebellum?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

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15
Q

For what disorder is goose-stepping a pathognomonic sign?

A

Pantothenic acid def (Vit B)

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16
Q

How can you diagnose Porcine stress syndrome?

How do you prevent?

A 
CSs + PCR on plucked hair samples
Prevent:
-cull homozygotes
-rest/ keep cool
-avoid mixing stress-susceptible animals
-genetic selection
-market animals on cool days
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17
Q

What are predilection sites for DJD in pigs?

A

Medial humeral and femoral condyles
Growth plates of costochondral junctions
Distal ulnae
Ischial tuberosities

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18
Q

What are the three forms of disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Peracute: sudden death
Acute: Septicaemia, fever with diamond skin lesions, abortions (due to PG)
Chronic: arthritis

19
Q

What are predisposing factors to disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Fatigue
Nutrition changes
Temperature
Failure to vaccinate

20
Q

Under what body condition score is it a legal requirement for remedial action to be taken in pigs?

A

If under BCS2, then need to take remedial action or be culled

21
Q

How often must pigs be seen to daily? What about if they are high risk?

A

At least once a day by a competent stockperson. Twice daily if they are high risk.
Competency= somebody who has had some training and at least 12months experience with pigs OR a veterinarian

22
Q

What type of pig might you put in a hospital pen?

A

No longer competitive. Looks dehydrated, is isolated, not feeding, injury or illness, nervous signs etc

23
Q 
What  (or who) are the following antibiotics used for in pigs?
Amoxycillin
Penicillin
Sulphonamide trimethoprim
Linco/ Spectinomycin
Tylosin
A

Amoxycillin: pregnant sows
Penicillin: piglet arthritis, sick piglets, non-preg sows
Sulphonamide trimethoprim- scours, mastitis (sows), discharge (sows)
Linco/ Spectinomycin: Scours, pneumonia
Tylosin: lameness, ileitis, scours pneumonia (alternative to pen in preg sows)

24
Q

What is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs? What about for Glasser’s Disease?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Haemophilus parasuis

25
Q

In controlling worms in pigs, what are your anthelmintic treatment options?

A 
Oral drenches (toltrazuril)
In feed water: Ivermectin, levamisole, morantel, fenbendazol
Injectables: Ivermectin, doramectin
26
Q

What are the WHPs and ESI for the following in pigs?
Baycox
Morantel
Piperazine

A

70 (100) d
0 (35) d
7 (21) d

27
Q

Organic acids may be used to treat/ prevent what sort of conditions in pigs?

A

Post-weaning E.coli and Salmonella prevention

Urogenital problems associated with poor water quality

28
Q

Zinc oxide may be used to treat/ prevent what sort of conditions in pigs?

A

First 2 weeks post weaning to prevent diarrhoea

Growth rate advantages??

29
Q

How do most pig diseases enter a pig herd?

A

99% occur through entry of an infected animal

Other 1% through contaminated feedstuffs, aerosols, humanoids, fomites, animal vectors

30
Q

Requirements exist for the importation of pig products into Australia to prevent disease entry. What are these reqs for FMD?

A

Country of origin freedom without vacc

Canning (all meat heated to 100 degrees)

31
Q

Requirements exist for the importation of pig products into Australia to prevent disease entry. What are these reqs for Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus?

A

Never been in Australia
Cooking (+/- bone) at 70 degrees for 11 min
Dry curing meat 140d+

32
Q

Requirements exist for the importation of pig products into Australia to prevent disease entry. What are these reqs for Post weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome?

A

Removal of head, neck and major peripheral lymph nodes

De-boning

33
Q

What is the incubation period for FMD in pigs? Where does the virus survive?

A

Inc period varies: 24hrs- 14d

LNs, bone marrow, uncooked/ salted meats, non-pasteurized milk

34
Q

African swine fever is very susceptible to inactivation in the environment…T or F?

A

False. It’s very resistant

35
Q

How is African Swine Fever transmitted?

A

Pork products
Affected pigs
Contaminated equipment
Ornithodorus ticks

36
Q

What is hog cholera?

A

Classical swine fever.= pestivirus. Can cause acute septicaemia

37
Q

What is swill feed?

A

Food scraps or food waste that contains or has come into contact with meat or meat products.

38
Q

What is Swiss depopulation?

A

Swiss depopulation involves a period of intensive vaccination of all breeding animals on a farm followed by removal of all animals less than 10 months of age. For a period of approximately three-weeks following this, on-site farrowing is stopped

39
Q

Where does actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae reside?

A

In tonsils

40
Q

What treatment is useful for the eradication of sarcoptes in pigs?

A

Dectomax

Should also cull heavily infected sows

41
Q

How do you confirm pathogen freedom for the following:

  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
  • Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
  • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
A
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: PCR from nose (also serology or PCR on lungs)
  • Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: PCR on tonsillar swabs of live pigs (or PCR of lungs if dead or serology)
  • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae: Look at colon in abattoir. No sensitive pre-mortem test
42
Q

What causes scour in grower/finisher pigs?

A
  1. Ileitis (campy)
  2. Swine dysentery
  3. Salmonella
  4. Whip worms
43
Q

Where is the site of infection for swine dysentery? What is the causative agent? How does the disease manifest?

A 
Spiral colon (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae)
-> wasting, diarrhoea (mucus, blood) and death

DVM3 (13 decks)

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