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VETS1025 > Pig Husbandry > Flashcards

Pig Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Sow

A

Any breeding female which has farrowed a litter

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2
Q

Guilt

A

Female transferred to the breeding herd, maybe mated (pregnant gilt) but has not yet farrowed

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3
Q

Boar

A

Male pig in the breeding herd

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4
Q

Grower (porker)

A

Pig aged 9-16 weeks

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5
Q

Finisher

A

Pig aged 17-24 weeks

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6
Q

Barrow

A

Castrated male

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7
Q

Herd Size

A

Total number of SOWS in a herd

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8
Q

Farrowing Rate

A

Number of sows MATED that actually farrow

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9
Q

Porker

A

Sold at 9-16 weeks (70kgs live-weight)

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10
Q

Baconer

A

Sold at 17-24 weeks (100+ kgs live weight)

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11
Q

Pig Feed Type

A

Creep, weaner, porker, grower, finisher, gilt, developer, dry sow (also fed to boars), lactating (wet), dual sow

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12
Q

What are the limiting factors for pig feed production?

A

Rainfall, Drought

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13
Q

Which code is used to assess compliance standards in pigs?

A

Model Code of Practice for the welfare of animals (MCOP) - Pigs (2008)

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14
Q

4 Types of Pig Housing

A

1) Dry Sows and Boars
2) Farrowing Sows and suckers
3) Weaners
4) Growers/Finishers

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15
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages to group housing?

A

Advantages: Social hierarchy, improved conception rates, stability of groups

Disadvantages: Introduction of new pigs will disrupt hierarchy

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16
Q

Phenotype: Large White

A 
Most common breed in Aus
White appearance - Pink skin
Quick growth rate - deep sides (bacon)
300-400kg
Large frame, Long middle, light shoulders
Erect ears

Large white x Landrace = Great sow (dam, mother)

17
Q

Phenotype: Landrace

A 
2nd most common in Aus
White appearance 
Heavy drooped ears that cover face
Long middle, light shoulders, good pork
Produce more fat than large white
Early maturing and smaller litters
18
Q

Phenotype: Duroc

A 
Reddish/brown colour 
Droopy ears
Heavy carcases, fast growth
Good feed efficiency 
Often 3rd breed mated with large white
19
Q

Recommended management of pregnant Sows (5 marks)

A

Individual of group housing
Individual: combats agression, allows sows equal access to feed, better for reducing the effects of seasonal infertility

Group: Perceived welfare benefit, able to move, huddle if cold, poorer repro performance?

20
Q

Strategies that can be used to help minimize stress of piglets (5 marks)

A

1) Housing: [TVR] Temp, Vent, Relative humidity
2) Environmental control: comfort
3) Reduce labour inputs: Handling/feeding
4) Reduce disease: Biosecurity, reduce movement of people

21
Q

Feed conversion efficiency measures:

A

Kg’s of pig feed to produce 1kg of pig meat

22
Q

MCOP 2008 does not recommend this procedure:

23
Q

What is the ideal temperature range of piglets:

A

27-35 deg. C

24
Q

Temperature ranges for pigs

A

Piglets: 27-35
Suckers: 24-30
Weaners: 20-30
All others: 15-25

*Temp. decreases with age**

25
Q

ADG

A

Average Daily gain
Measured in g/day
Measures: carcass quality, carcass weight, lean meat yield, backfat (mm)

26
Q

FCE

A

Feed Conversion Efficiency
(n) Kg’s of feed to produce 1kg of meat
Intermediate to high heritability

27
Q

Types of Crosses

A

F1 x Terminal sire line
F1 gilts are first cross daughters of pure bred parents
100% hybrid vigour

28
Q

Selective Attributes of F1 litters

A

1) Litter size
2) Milk production
3) Growth rate
4) Lower backfat

29
Q

What does the term “Terminal Sire Line” mean?

A

Means that boars are selected for growth and carcass attributes, not litter size
- Usually crossbred (Duroc and White breeds)

30
Q

Ideal reproductive targets (gestation, lactation, weaning, litters per year, litter size)

A 
Oestrous length: 18-24 days
Gestation length: 115 days
Lactation length: 28 days
Weaning to oestrus: 8 days
                      Total:    149 days
Potetial 2.6 litters/sow/yr (actual: 2.2)
Average piglets per litter: 11
31
Q

Best practice for mating management

A 
Natural mating and AI
AI uses chilled (not frozen) semen 
Heat detection = back pressure
Mate twice 24 hours apart
3min ejaculation for natural mating 
Provide non-split flooring
32
Q

Gestation length in pigs:

A

3 months / 3 weeks / 3 days

~115 days

33
Q

What temperature does the water need to be at for pigs?

A

~20 deg. C

34
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of group housing/sow stalls for DRY SOWS

A

Sow Stalls:
Advantage: improve conception rate, individual feeding and drinking, prevents bullying
Disadvantage: Limited mobility

Group housing:
Advantages: Increased mobility
Disadvantage: Decrease conception rate, abortions, increased bullying, reduce feed/water intake

35
Q

EXAM Q: Sensory capabilities of pigs

A

1) Good hearing
2) Good sight
3) Very good smell
4) Pheromones are important
5) Taste changes with age
* Touch, pigs get used to being handled
* Pigs have good memory

VETS1025 (8 decks)

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