Companion Animal Husbandry Flashcards
Problems associated with companion animal management
1a. Lack of understanding of animal behaviour
2a. Unrealistic expectations of pet
1b. Broken or non-formed relationships
2b. Poor treatment/lack of care
Relinquishment
Strategies for addressing companion animal management problems
Responsible Pet Ownership Provide Socialization Courses Management (physiological and behavioural) Training (behavioural) Positive Reinforcement
The animal care and protection Act
- Enforceable by law
- Provide standards of care for the care and use of animals
- Protect animals from unjustifiable, unnecessary, or unreasonable pain
Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes
- Not enforceable by law
- Ethical and humane care and use of animals used for scientific purposes
- Set for the guidance of incestigators, teachers, institutions, Animal Ethics Committees (AEC)
Codes, Acts, and Guidelines in Australia (3)
1) “The animal care and protection Act” (2001)
2) “Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes” (legislation)
3) NHMRC “Policy on the Care of Dogs (and Cats) used for Scientific Purposes” (guidelines) - government body
Policy on the Care of Dogs (and Cats) used for Scientific Purposes
- Not enforceable by law
- Used in conjunction with 2004 Code
- Improve welfare of animals used for scientific purposes
- General framework to help AEC develop appropriate standards for care/housing
Government bodies (2)
1) DEEDI: Department of Employment, Economy, Development, and Innovation
2) NHMRC: National Health and Medical Research Council
Industry bodies (2)
1) AVA: Australian Veterinary Association
2) PIAS: Petcare Information and Advisory Service
What are councils responsible for? (6)
1) New Requirements
2) Registration
3) Micro-chipping
4) Dangerous, menacing, and restricted breeds
5) Barking laws
6) Breaches and fines
Animal Welfare Organizations (2)
1) RSPCA
2) Animals Australia
Scientific name for both cats and dogs
Cats: Felis catus
Family: Felidae
Order: Carnivora
Dogs: Canis (lupus) familiaris
Family: Canidae
Order: Carnivora
4 Distinct Functions of animals
Working: predators, protectors, etc
Companionship: human-animal bond
Research: various categories
Teaching: Schools, uni’s, life, etc
Human-Animal Bond (3)
1) mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship
2) Influenced by behaviours that are essential to health and well-being of both
3) Includes emotional, psychological, and physical interactions of people, animals, and environment
Advantages of having a pet (human animal bond)
Family pet = Family member
Importance: Healers, child development, elderly, activity, blood pressure, teaches confidence+independence
*pet owners recover more quickly from illness due to decreased stress levels
Intrinsic systems which are retained by both dogs and cats
1) Social system
2) Territorial defence
Top reason for cats and dogs to be euthanized
Behaviour:
Dogs: 59%
Cats: 35%
Top 5 zoonotic diseases associated with overpopulation
1) Ringworm
2) Leptospirosis
3) Dog roundworm
4) Hydatids
5) Toxoplasmosis
9 Identification methods for dogs/cats
1) Species
2) Breed
3) Gender
4) Age
5) Markings
6) Physical characteristics
7) Tattoos
8) Microchips
9) Other: Collars, tags, shaved areas, etc.
7 Broad groups that dogs are divided into
1) Toy breeds
2) Terriers
3) Gundogs
4) Hound group
5) Working dog group
6) Utility group
7) Non-sporting group
Toy breed dogs: examples (6)
1) Chihuahua
2) Australian Terrier
3) Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
4) Maltese
5) Pomeranian
6) Pug
Terrier Breed dogs: Examples (5)
All End In Terrier
1) Airedale Terrier
2) Bedlington Terrier
3) Bull Terrier
4) Fox Terrier
5) Jack Russell (terrier)
Gundog Breed dogs: Examples (6)
1) Cocker spaniel
2) Golden retriever
3) Hungarian Vizsla
4) Irish Setter
5) Labrador retriever
6) Pointers
Hound dog breeds: Examples (7)
1) Basenji
2) Bassett
3) Beagle
4) Borzoi
5) Dachshund
6) Greyhound
7) Rhodesian ridgeback
Utility Dogs breeds: Examples (6)
1) Rottweiler
2) Alaskan Malamute
3) Doberman Pinscher
4) Boxer
5) St Bernard
6) Schnauzer
Working dog breeds: Examples (4)
1) Australian Cattle Dog
2) Border Collie
3) German Shepherd
4) Welsh Corgi
Non-Sporting Dog breeds: Examples
Ones that dont fit in anywhere else
1) Boston Terrier
2) British Bulldogs
3) Lhasa Apso
4) Chow Chow
5) Shar Pei
6) Dalmation
8 Broad Groups of Cats
1) Long Hair
2) Semi-long hair
3) British short hair
4) Foreign breeds
5) Burmese
6) Orientals
7) Siamese and Balinese
8) Miscellaneous
Long hair cat breeds (3)
1) Chinchilla
2) Persian
3) Himalayan
Semi-Long hair
Birman Angora Main Coon Ragdoll Somali Turkish Van
Foreign Breeds ()
1) Abyssinian
2) Bengal
3) Burmilla
4) Cornish Rex
5) Devon Rex
6) Russian Blue
7) Tonkinese
Principles of husbandry (7)
1) Warmth, comfort, and security
2) Companionship, mental stimulation
3) Protection from disease and injury
4) Protection from fear and distress
5) Exercise
6) Appropriate feed and water
7) Opportunity to urinate and defecate
Aspects of Environmental Enrichment (4)
1) Security
2) Complexity
3) Achievement
4) Novelty
Housing Considerations (3)
1) Breed
2) Purpose for having animal
3) Facility design
Four considerations for cleaning and disinfecting (KNOW)
[4]
1) Clean THEN disinfect
2) Use effective products
3) Clean where it counts and be meticulous
4) Minimize stress and fomite transmission
3 Concepts of Disease Transmission (KNOQ)
1) Carrier
2) Mode of Transmission
3) Dose Effect
Carrier (disease)
Animal that is infected with an agent but is not showing clinical signs
Fomites (def.)
Objects such as hands, contaminated surfaces, exam supplies, foor and water dishes –> Mechanically transmit disease
Mode of transmission (disease) [5]
Method by which disease is spread
1) Vectors - fleas and ticks
2) Direct contact - FIV
3) Droplet (4-5 feet) - kennel cough
4) Airborne (ringworm)
5) FOMITES
Dose effect (disease)
- Inc. # germs = inc. transmission
- Depends of virulence and animals immune system
- Sanitation does not need 0 dose, needs to be low enough for animals own immune system to prevent infection
3 Products used for disinfection
1) Quaternary ammonia
2) Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
3) Virkon (potassium peroxymonosulphate)
How many accessible litter trays do you need for 5 cats?
# of cats + 1 = # of litter trays 6 litter trays needed
Aspects of anatomy and physiology that have to do with husbandry and management (5)
1) Diet
2) Housing
3) Environmental enrichment
4) Breeding
5) Nutrition
Cat dentition
30 teeth total
16 upper teeth
14 lower teeth
*cannot chew, cut meat into digestible pieces
Dog dentition
42 total teeth
20 upper teeth
22 lower teeth
First heat of female cats versus dogs and oestrus cycle times
Cats: 4 months old, 14-21 day cycle, polyestrous
Dogs: 6-8 months old, 4-13 day cycle, monestrous/diestrous
Nutrition
The science of the interaction of a small substance with part of an animal to promote optimal performance and/or function
Dietetics
Provision of foods in order to supply nutrients in the amounts and proportions that promote a specified performance
3 Aspects of a good diet
1) Energy
2) Digestibility
3) Biological value (bioavailability)
3 ways nutrients are measured
1) Caloric basis (most important)
2) % fed - no account for water content
3) % dry matter - does not account for variable energy contents in diet
5 Factors affecting water intake
1) Temperature
2) Type of diet
3) Exercise
4) Physiologic state
5) Health
Fat Soluble vitamens
A, D, E, K
Water Soluble Vitamens
B-complex, C
2 minerals which are really important in diets
1) Calcium
2) Phosphate
Ca:P = 1.2:1
Types of AA and which 2 are essential?
Essential AA and Non-essential AA
Essential AA: Argenine and Taurine (only found in animal tissue)
3 Feeding Methods
1) Ad Lib
2) Time restricted
3) Food restricted
Calculating amount of feed
(maint. energy req. / metabolisable E in food) = amount of feed
Digestibility
Proportion digested by animal
- difference between %dry mass in food and % dry mass in faeces
Bioavailability (Biological value)
Relationship between amount of nutrient absorbed and the amount utilized by the body
What does TPR stand for?
Temperature, Pulse (heart rate), Respiration
TPR Cats
Temp.: 38 - 38.5
Heart. 110 - 180bpm
Resp. 20 - 30bpm
TPR Dogs
Temp.: 38.3 - 38.7
Heart. 60 - 180bpm
Resp. 10 - 30bpm
How long are kittens and dogs protected by maternal derived antibodies
Maternally derived antibodies (MDA)
Protected up to 8-12 weeks
Cats
F3: Schedule and what diseases it covers
F - stands for Feline Schedule: 6-8w, 12-14w, 16-18w, yr booster 1) Enteritis (feline panleukopaenia) 2) Calicivirus 3) Herpes Virus
Dogs (vaccination schedule) C3
C -stands for canine Schedule: 6-8w, 12-14w, 16-18w, yr booster 1) Distemper 2) Parvovirus 3) Hepatitis
F5 vs C5
F5: Enteritis, Calicivirus, Herpes, Chlamydia (F4), FeLV - feline leukaemia virus(F5)
C5: Distemper, Parvovirus, Hepatitis, Parainfluenza virus (C4), Bordetella (C5)
Schedule for de-worming, types to prevent against, and what are the class of anti-parasitics called
Schedule: 6w, 12w, 16w, every 3mth
1) Hookworm
2) Roundworm
3) Tapeworms
4) Heartworm
Treatment if infected: Anthelmintic
Types of Ectoparasites (4)
1) Cat flea
2) Ticks
3) Ear Mites
4) Mange Mites
