Pig Exam Flashcards
Where is the diaphragm located and what does it look like?
The diaphragm divides the thoracic and the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm looks like a sheet of tissue.
What is the purpose of the diaphragm?
The diaphragm aids in breathing.
Where is the liver located and what does it look like?
The liver is located almost directly underneath the umbilical cord and is the largest organ in the body.
What is the purpose of the liver?
The liver makes bile.
Where is the gallbladder located and what does it look like?
The gallbladder is located underneath the liver to the left and is attached to the liver. The gall bladder is greenish.
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
The gallbladder stores bile.
Where is the stomach located and what does it look like?
The stomach is located underneath the liver to the right. The stomach looks like a pouch.
What is the purpose of the stomach?
The stomach is responsible for breaking down food.
Where is the pancreas located and what does it look like?
The pancreas is located under the stomach and is bumpy.
What is the purpose of the pancreas?
The pancreas makes insulin.
What is the purpose of insulin?
Insulin regulates the uptake of sugars from blood.
Where is the spleen located and what does it look like?
The spleen is located next to the stomach and toward the left side of the pig. The spleen is flattened.
What is the purpose of the spleen?
The spleen stores blood.
Where are the kidneys located and what do they look like?
The kidneys are on each side of the spine and are shaped as beans.
What is the purpose of the kidneys?
The kidneys remove harmful substances from the blood, which are then released as urine.
What is the esophagus?
The esophagus is the passage for food from mouth to stomach.
Where is the Cardiac Sphincter Valve located?
The Cardiac Sphincter Valve is located at the top of the stomach.
Where is the Pyloric Sphincter Valve located?
The Pyloric Sphincter Valve is located at the bottom of the stomach.
What do the Cardiac Sphincter Valve and the Pyloric Sphincter Valve do?
The Cardiac Sphincter Valve and the Pyloric Sphincter Valve regulate what enters and leaves the stomach.
What are the parts of the small intestine?
The duodenum and the ileum.
What is the duodenum?
The duodenum is the straight portion of the small intestine, and the start of the small intestine.
What is the ileum?
The ileum is the curly portion of the small intestine.
What does the mesentery do?
The mesentery holds the ileum together.
Where is the cecum located and what does it look like?
At the end of the small intestine and is a dead end tube.
What is the purpose of the cecum?
The cecum helps with plant digestion.
Where is the large intestine located and what does it look like?
The large intestine is located directly after the small intestine and is green.
What is the purpose of the large intestine?
The large intestine reabsorbs water from digested food and any undigested food sent to the rectum.
Where is the rectum located?
The rectum is located after the large intestine and before the anus.
What is the purpose of rectum?
The rectum stores undigested food as feces until the feces have a chance to leave the anus.
What is the anus?
The anus is the opening to the outside of the pig for the digestive system.
Where are the umbilical vessels?
The umbilical vessels are in the umbilical cord.
Where is the urinary bladder?
In the umbilical cord in between the two umbilical vessels.
Where are the nipples located?
On the sides of the umbilical cord.
What are taste buds scientific name?
Sensory Papillae
Where is the epiglottis located and what does it look like?
The epiglottis is located in the back of the mouth and is cone shaped flap of skin.
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
The epiglottis helps close the pig’s pharynx when a pig swallows.
What is the pharynx?
The pharynx is the cavity at the back of the mouth and is where the trachea and esophagus meet.
How many toes does a pig have?
Four.
What are the ureters?
Ureters are tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
What is the urethra?
The Urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the pig.
What are the scrotal sacks?
The scrotal sacks are sacks in between the legs that hold testis.
What is the purpose of testis?
The testis produce sperm.
What is the epididymis?
The epididymis is a coiled structure that passes sperm cells from the testis to the vas deferens.
How do vasectomies in humans occur?
By cutting the vas deferens.
What is the vas deferens?
A tube that carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the penis.
Where are the ovaries located and what do they look like?
The ovaries are located below the kidneys and are shaped as beans.
What are oviducts?
Oviducts are curly structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus.
What is the pericardium?
Pericardium is the thin membrane that surrounds the heart.
What is the larynx?
The larynx is the voice box. The larynx allows noise making.
Where is the heart located and what does it do?
The heart is above the diaphragm and is responsible for pumping blood too the rest of the body.
What is the pulmonary trunk?
The most obvious vessel on the front of the heart that curves upwards to meet the aorta.
What is the aorta?
The vessel that arches from the heart and attaches to the pulmonary trunk.
What is the abdominal aorta?
The vessel that connects to the aorta once it arches down.
What does the aorta do?
The aorta supplies the body with blood.
Where are intercostal arteries?
On the ribs.
Where are the coronary vessels located and what do they do?
On the heart and supply blood to the heart’s muscles.
What is the ventricle?
The lower portion of the heart.
What is the trachea?
The airway from the mouth to the lungs that is surrounded with cartilage rings to help keep the airway from collapsing.
What are the Jugular veins?
The artery that takes blood from the head to the heart.
What direction is Posterior?
The back. (Butt of Pig.)
What direction is Ventral?
The bottom. (Belly of Pig.)
What direction is Dorsal?
The top. (Back of Pig.)
What direction is Anterior?
The front. (Face of Pig)
What direction is Medial?
Towards the middle of the body.
What direction is Lateral?
Towards the outside of the body.
What direction is Proximal?
Close to a point of reference.
What direction is Distal?
Farther from a point of reference.
What is the masseter muscle?
The muscle in the cheek of the pig that works the jaw. Is the biggest lump/structure.
Where are the lymph nodes?
The lymph nodes are just past the masseter muscle (in the direction of the pig’s body) and look like mini lumps.
What is the parotid?
The parotid is after the lymph nodes and look like chewing gum.
What is the cerebrum?
The front of the brain.
What is the cerbellum?
The back of the brain.
What is the medulla?
The back/bottom of the brain.
What are cranial nerves?
Nerves leading away from the brain.
What is the bile duct?
The bile duct is the tube that sends bile to the duodenum from the gall bladder.
What happens in the small intestine?
Further digestation.
What are mesenteric arteries and what do they do?
Mesenteric arteries are the arteries that are connected to the mesentery and absorb materials that are digested from the small intestine.
What is the spleen artery called?
Splenic artery.
What does the pancreatic duct connect?
The pancreas and the duodenum.
What is the kidney artery called?
Renal artery.
What is the liver artery called?
Hepatic artery.
Where is the penis?
The penis is near the umbilical cord and exits the urethra.
What is another name for the urethra?
Urogenital opening.
How can you determine the sex of a pig using the outside of the pig?
By finding the urogenital opening. The urogenital opening is close to the umbilical cord in males and close to the anus in females.
What do females have on the outside that males do not have?
Urogenital papilla.
What does the aorta branch to? (At the top)
The right brachiocephalic and the left subclavian.
Where does the right brachiocephalic branch to?
The common carotid and the right subclavian.
What are the left and right subclavians?
They are the arteries that supply the arms with blood and follow the clavicle bone.
Where does the common carotid branch to?
The right and left carotids.
What do the left and right carotids do?
Supply the neck and head with blood.
What are the atria?
The left and right structures on the heart.
What do the anterior and posterior vena cava do?
Arteries that take blood from the body to the heart.
What connects the trachea and the lungs?
The bronchial tubes.
What is the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is a V-shaped structure connected to the trachea and produces hormones that control growth.
