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KAMSC Honors Biology Chapters 10-15 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The scientifical study of heredity.

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2
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When the male and female reproductive cells join during sexual reproduction.

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3
Q

What are true-breeding organisms?

A

Organisms that if able to self-pollinate or self-impregnate would be able to produce identical offspring.

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.

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5
Q

What are hybrids?

A

Hybrids are offspring that have different traits than their parents.

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6
Q

What are genes?

A

Chemical factors that determine traits.

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7
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene that change different characteristics of each trait.

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8
Q

What does the principle of dominance state?

A

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

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9
Q

What is segregation?

A

Ask Mrs. Chap

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10
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells.

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11
Q

True or False. Gametes carry a single copy of each gene through segregation.

A

True.

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12
Q

What is probability?

A

The chance a particular event will occur.

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13
Q

What can the principles of probability be used to predict in genetics?

A

Genetic crosses.

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14
Q

What are punnet squares?

A

A square diagram that can be used to predict genetic crosses.

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15
Q

What are homozygous traits?

A

Traits with two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles. (TT or Tt)

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16
Q

What are heterozygous traits?

A

Traits with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. (Tt)

17
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Physical characteristic.

18
Q

What is a genotype?

A

Genetic characteristics or genetic makeup.

19
Q

Example of phenotype vs genotype.

A

In plants, the tall trait is dominant. (T). The short trait is recessive. (t.) If one plant has TT alleles and the other has Tt alleles, they have the same phenotype, (they are both tall,) but different genotypes.

KAMSC Honors Biology Chapters 10-15 (5 decks)

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