Chapter 15 Flashcards
Who was Charles Darwin?
The father of modern Evolution.
What is evolution?
Change in a population over time.
What is natural selection?
The process in which organisms well suited to the environment survive and reproduce while organisms less suited for the environment die.
Was Charles Darwin a good student?
Charles Darwin was not a good student, and his parents weren’t proud of him.
What is an Adaptation
Adaptations are inherited traits that have become more common in a population because the trait provides an advantage.
What is Artificial Selection?
Artificial Selection is when humans breed variations they find useful in a population.
What are the main points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by Natural Selection?
- Inherited variation exists within the genes of every population or species.
- There is a constant struggle for existence because the population is too big and some individuals are more likely to survive in a given environment than others.
- Useful traits that increase an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce spread throughout a population.
- Natural Selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population.
- Each living species has descended with changes from other species.
- There is much evidence from fossils that living species have descended from extinct organisms.
What is descent with modification?
A part of Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection, descent with modification is that living species have descended with changes from other species over time.
What ship did Darwin take when he sailed the world?
The HMS Beagle.
What are fossils?
Fossils are remains of dead animals and prove evolution.
What are paleontologists?
Fossil scientists.
What are homologous structures?
Homologous structures are structures that share a common ancestor but differentiate from specie to specie.
What is an embryo?
An embryo is an early stage in the development of an organism.
What are the three main examples of evolution?
- Antibiotic resistance. Tuberculosis is mostly killed by antibodies to resistance.
- The beaks of the finches on the Galapagos islands.
- Moths were mostly white to blend in with trees, but the industrial revolution made more factories and smog began to turn the trees a dark color, and darker moths were then more common.
