Piaget & Vygotsky

Question 1

piaget has a ___ approach to development

Answer 1

constructivist

Question 2

based on Piaget’s ___ approach to development, children ___ their own understanding of the world

Answer 2

constructivist; construct

Question 3

legacy of piaget’s theory (3 things)

Answer 3

-inspired more research on children’s cognition
-“natural limits” at a given age
-children contribute to their own development

Question 4

criticisms of piaget’s theory (2)

Answer 4

-underestimates influence of culture etc.
-underestimates infants & children (object permanence, egocentrism)

Question 5

Piaget’s general theory and how it changes

Answer 5

understanding organized by schemas that change through assimilation and accomodation

Question 6

assimilation (definition & example)

Answer 6

new info is viewed through existing schemas; pet four legged creature cuz fits in “dog” schema

Question 7

accomodation

Answer 7

new info changes existing schema; idea of sandwich now also includes that bread must be horizontal

Question 8

4 stages of piaget’s theory (include ages)

Answer 8

sensorimotor (0-2)
preoperational (2-7)
concrete operations (7-12)
formal operations (12+)

Question 9

sensorimotor stage (ages, main thing)

Answer 9

infants (0-2) learn about world through physical interaction (reaching, touching, sucking, looking)

Question 10

accomplishments in sensorimotor stage

Answer 10

learn to adapt to environment; object permanence (6-10 months)

Question 11

gaps in sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

representing world mentally

Question 12

preoperational stage (age & accomplishments & example)

Answer 12

children (2-7) accomplish symbolic representations; banana phone, broomstick as horse

Question 13

preoperational stage (ages & gaps)

Answer 13

children (2-7) cannot logically manipulate information; conservation, egocentrism

Question 14

conservation (preoperational stage)

Answer 14

despite changes in form or appearance, physical properties don’t change (glass of water); centration

Question 15

centration

Answer 15

focus on one aspect; part of conservation gap in preoperational child

Question 16

concrete operational stage (ages & accomplishments)

Answer 16

children (7-12) can use mental logic to reason about concrete things; conservation (decentration, multiple dimensions); egocentrism

Question 17

concrete operational stage (ages & gaps)

Answer 17

children (7-12) can’t yet reason about abstract hypothetical concepts

Question 18

formal operational stage (ages & accomplishments)

Answer 18

children (12+) can use mental logic to reason about abstract, hypothetical things; can logically examine evidence & test hypotheses

Question 19

formal operational stage (ages & gaps)

Answer 19

age 12+; nothing listed for gaps

Question 20

what Piaget stage might explain why teenagers are interested in social justice movements?

Answer 20

formal operational stage

Question 21

Vygotsky’s main idea & keywords

Answer 21

children learn through social collaboration; continuous; zone of proximal development; scaffolding; language

Question 22

T/F: piaget’s theory was continuous & vygotsky was discontinuous

Answer 22

false; Piaget’s was discontinuous; Vygotsky theorized gradual, continual shifts in knowledge

Question 23

Zone of proximal development (what and part of who’s theory)

Answer 23

Vygotsky; range of tasks that are too difficult to do by yourself and that you need a skilled other person for

Question 24

scaffolding

Answer 24

teachers adjust level of support to fit the learner; not more help than needed; different approaches cross-culturally

Question 25

language and vygotsky

Answer 25

-most important cognitive development tool
-access to others’ knowledge
-allows learners to think about world (private speech)

Question 26

legacy of Vygotsky’s theory

Answer 26

emphasis on culture, role of teaching, influence on educational settings

Question 27

criticisms of Vygotsky’s theory

Answer 27

overemphasis on language; not enough on biology

Question 28

similarities between Piaget & Vygotsky (2)

Answer 28

focus on child, children are active learners

Question 29

4 differences between Piaget and Vygotsky

Answer 29

• self-discovery vs. social collaboration
  -discontinuous change vs. continuous change
  -universal processes of development vs. culturally situated development
  -language & thought unrelated vs. language as key to learning

Question 30

T/F: Piaget’s theory features discontinuous change

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T/F: Vygotsky emphasizes univeral processes of development

Answer 31

false; culturally situated development

Question 32

T/F: overall, current research shows neither Piaget nor Vygotsky vy-Got-it-sky

Answer 32

yeah that’s true; neither theory is entirely accurate and can explain every aspect of development and children’s learning

Question 33

what might we expect from Piagetian schools?

Answer 33

child-led learning; self-directed; learning through experiences

Question 34

what might we expect from Vygotskyian schools?

Answer 34

mixed grades; experts (jigsaw); more adults & interaction

Question 35

Vygotsky’s three phases

Answer 35

not marked by age;
1. behaviour controlled by other statements
2. behaviour controlled by talking to themselves
3. behaviour controlled by private speech