ingroup bias (social cognition)) Flashcards
infants prefer ___ faces
familiar
infants respond to race as ____
a perceptual category
by __ years, children can ___ race and reason about skin colour as stable characteristic
3-4; characterize
explicit bias
expressed directly, aware of bias, deliberately accessed, easily controlled
in dominant racial groups, in-group positivity and out-group negativity __ with development
decline
in marginalized racial groups, implicit biases?
no in-group preference; no out-group preference
multi-racial individuals on intergroup bias?
don’t know
explicit bias development
less explicit bias as we develop
implicit bias
beliefs/attitudes that are activated in response to social cues; less directly aware of/in control of
how to measure implicit bias
Implicit Association Test (response time)
IAT concerns
-side/order effects (not found to have impact)
-reliability (context, fairly reliable over several tests)
-meaningful (forcing you to attend to race in test but not in real life)
in US sample, which would be predicted to have the highest level of preference for their own racial group?
6 year old and 26 year old white people
attitudes about race are composed of (2)
-ingroup preference
-social norms; social/cultural evaluation of dominance
when Latine/x individuals tested on implicit preference for Latinx vs White (higher status),
no preference
when Latine/x individuals tested on implicit preference for Latinx vs Black (lower status),
preference for own group
minimal group paradigm
red/blue shirt preference; mere membership in group leads to (explicit and implicit) preferences
how does ingroup bias seem to be acquired?
rapidly (minimal group paradigm)
how are social norms and social/cultural evaluation of dominance acquired?
overt messages, cultural stereotypes, learning from authority figures; more slowly acquired
ways to reduce intergroup biases with adults (not very strong effects)?
personal contact with out-group members; positive encounters with out-group members
Gonzalez, Steele, & Baron (2017) on counter-stereotypical examples findings
-younger children (~7yrs) responding pro-white biases
-older children (~10yrs) no racial preference (more malleability from 10-12yrs?)
implications of Gonzalez, Steele, & Baron (2017)
-diversity in media
-diversity in academic settings (readings, posters, assignment examples)
