family-parenting Flashcards
3 main goals of having a ‘family’
-promoting survival
-support (emotional, financial, physical)
-socialization
aspects of parenting
-warmth/support/acceptance/responsiveness
-control/demandingness (behavioural and psychological control)
-discipline
Diana Baumrind on parenting styles
increasing control (x), increasing support (y)
-Permissive Parent, Authoritative Parent, Uninvolved Parent, Authoritarian Parent
-variable across time and context
Permissive Parent
indulgent; high support, low control
-children often impulsive, low self-regulation, may show aggression & deviant, difficulty in school, good social skills & self-esteem
Authoritative Parent
high support, high control; more likely when parents have more energy
-children often cheerful, good self-control & reliance, good relationships with peers and adults, adapt well to stress
Uninvolved Parent
low support, low control
-most likely to exhibit wide range of challenges (school, peers, behavioural problems)
Authoritarian Parent
low support, high control; more likely when parents are tired and stressed;
-children well-behaved, may be aggressive, fearful, anxious, unhappy, struggle with self-reliance
difficulties in parents’ relationships correlated with ___ outcomes
poorer
parents’ relationships vs parenting?
good parenting more important than the parents’ marriages as shown on average standardized scores
divorce is associated with ____ in children
increased problems
factors that go along in divorce that is associated with increased problems in children
parent conflict, stress, diminished parenting, economic difficulties, social difficulties, absence of a parent/fear of absence, relocation
divorce vs conflict (should we stay together for the sake of the kid?)
Amato, Loomis, & Booth, 1995: children whose families divorced showed less psychological distress and more overall happiness when there was more parental conflict
-but with low parental conflict, children whose parents divorced showed more psychological distress and less happiness than children whose parents didn’t
-if lots of conflict, DO NOT stay for the sake of the kid
how is divorce a process
pre-divorce differences (kids already at risk), short-term effects, long-term effects (dropping out of school, getting divorced yourself)
difference in same sex/gender parents?
no difference in adjustment, personality, achievement, sexual orientation
example of permissive parent
give child curfew, but no consequences for breaking it
children who are subject to permissive parenting style can struggle with
self-control
parent relations that are related to child outcomes
-quality of parent relationship with each other -parent conflict
-parent divorce
children from families with queer parents report:
-feeling different and subjected to social slights, but feel positively about their families
-children with same-sex parents appear to have closer parent-child relationships
criticisms on studies on families with queer parents
small & selective samples; those parents likely to be wealthy
across cultures, the goals of child-rearing are the same which include
survival, support, socialization (help children become competent members of society)
parenting reflects the values and beliefs of a given cultural context:
-norms of behaviour
-beliefs about parenting & child development
-role of extended family
-resources available
t/f: warmth and support are beneficial for development cross-culturally
true
differences across cultures with warmth/support and control?
-how warmth/support and control are expressed
-different “ideal” of control
research on chinese parents on average on warmth and control
less warmth, more controlling
-tend to withhold praise, believed to lead to self-satisfied children
-belief in deeply-involved parents, respect for family/authority
findings on the effects of chinese parenting
mixed findings: some classic studies show no negative effects of higher-control parenting; more recently, more studies showing similar negative effects of high-control in chinese & n.american families
explanations for the mixed findings on outcomes associated with parenting approaches on chinese parenting
differences across ages, regions with China & immigrant populations, type of control, changes over time
latino/x/e parents tend to show (warmth and control)
more warmth & more control
-familismo (famiy ties, family support)
-respeto (fulfill obligations, harmonious relationships)
findings on latinx parenting?
inconsistent; positive and negative outcomes of high warmth and high control
culture & parenting summary
parenting is culturally situated; variability within cultures
“normativeness” on culture and parenting
not all parents within a culture think and behave the same; if parents’ practices are congruent with others in their cultural context, might be more adaptive (e.g. not being the only one to be punished for breaking curfew)
