PI Flashcards
What type of drug is Methylphenidate
Psychostimulants
What is the mechanism of action of Methylphenidate
Increases firing rates of dopaminergic neurones, thus
increase in dopamine.
Methylphenidate inhibits dopamine reuptake transporters,
thus prolongs effect of dopamine in the synaptic cleft.
What is Methylphenidate used to treat
ADHD
What are the side effects of Methylphenidate
Potential for growth
retardation in children.
BP and HR irregularities
Insomnia, Anorexia.
What type of drug is Dexamphetamine
Psychostimulants
What is the mechanism of action of Dexamphetamine
Dexamphetamine facilitates the release of dopamine
from the presynaptic cytoplasmic storage vesicles. This
results in a net increase in dopamine levels.
What is Dexamphetamine used to treat
ADHD
What are the side effects of Dexamphetamine
Potential for growth
retardation in children.
BP and HR irregularities
Insomnia, Anorexia.
What class of drug is Atomoxetine
Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (NRI)
What is the mechanism of action of Atomoxetine
2nd line drug in ADHD. Enhances noradrenaline
transmission in the prefrontal cortex area
What is Atomoxetine used to treat
ADHD
What are the side effects of Atomoxetine
Dizziness, Sedation,
Hypotension
What type of drug is Vemurafenib
BRAF Enzyme Inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Vemurafenib
Vemurafenib is a reversible, ATP-competitive inhibitor of
the kinase domain of BRAF. This drug shrinks tumours in
about half of the people whose metastatic melanoma has a BRAF gene change.
What is Vemurafenib used to treat?
Metastatic Tumours, BRAF
mutation.
What type of drug is Ipilimumab
Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody
What is the mechanism of action of Ipilimumab
Blocks CTLA-4 antigen on the T cell, which is normally
required as the “off switch” for cytotoxic T cells to prevent
it from activating an immune response.
What is Ipilimumab used to treat?
Cancer, Metastasis
What are the side effects of Ipilimumab
May result in loss of
peripheral tolerance.
What class of drug is Nivolumab
Anti-PDL1
What is the mechanism of action of Nivolumab
PD-L1 is expressed on cancer cells. PD1 is expressed on T cells. If they activate, the T cell will
What is Nivolumab used to treat
Cancer, Metastasis
What type of drug is Fluoxetine
Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors
(SSRIs)
What is Fluoxetine used to treat
Prevent the reuptake of serotonin at the post-synaptic
membrane.
What is the mechanism of action of Fluoxetine
Depression
what are the side effects of Fluoxetine
Nausea, vomiting, agitation, sexual dysfunction, hyponatremia, sweating
What type of drug is Amitriptyline
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
What is the mechanism of action of Amitriptyline
Prevent the reuptake of serotonin at the post-synaptic
membrane.
What is Amitriptyline used to treat
Depression
What type of drug is Phenelzine
Anticholinergic effects,
sedation, weight gain,
hyponatremia, cardiotoxic
effects, hallucinations
What is the mechanism of action of Phenelzine
Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors (MAOIs)
What is Phenelzine used to treat
Irreversible, non-competitive inhibitors of monoamine
oxidases.
What are the side effects of Amitriptyline
Depression
What type of drug is Imatinib
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of imatinib
Works by inhibiting the abl gene. Thus the mutated bcr-
abl composition is broken.
What is imatinib used to treat
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
What type of drugs are:
Donepizil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action of:
Donepizil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
These increase brain acetylcholine levels by inhibiting CNS acetylcholinesterase. Effective in DLB and Parkinson’s Dementia but not FTD/Vascular dementia
Effective in mild/moderate AD
What are the following used to treat:
Donepizil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) & Parkinson’s Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease (mild/moderate)
What class of drug is Memantine
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
What is the mechanism of action of Memantine
Memantine blocks the NMDA channel, reducing the
chance of a post-synaptic action potential. There is a
buildup of glutamate in AD brains, thus Memantine is
used to stop the overactivity of the glutaminergic system.
What is Memantine used to treat?
Alzheimer’s Disease (moderate/severe)
