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Phase 2 7. Year 2 medication list > HNN > Flashcards

HNN Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drug is L-dopa?

A

anti-parkinsons drug

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of L-dopa?

A
  • percursor molecule for dopamine that can cross the blood brain barrier

(dopamine cannot cross the blood brain barrier)

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3
Q

What disease is L-dopa used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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4
Q

What are the side effects of L-dopa?

A

Common:

- nausea & vomiting (due to L-dopa in periphery)

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of L-dopa in the periphery?

A

L-dopa is converted to dopamine and then adrenaline/noradrenaline, which increases

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6
Q

What drug can be given with L-dopa to minimise side-effects?

A

Carbidopa

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7
Q

What class of drug is Selegilline?

A

Monoamine Oxidise B Inhibitor (MAOBi)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Selegilline

A

reduces the breakdown of dopamine in the CNS, especially in the corpus striatum

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9
Q

What is disease is Selegilline used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

What class of drug is entacapone?

A

Catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors (COMTi)

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of entacapone?

A

hen taken together with levodopa (L-DOPA) and carbidopa, entacapone stops catechol-O-methyltransferase from breaking down and metabolizing levodopa, resulting in an overall increase of levodopa remaining in the brain and body

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12
Q

What disease is entacapone used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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13
Q

What are the side effects of entacapone?

A 
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
Dry mouth
Back ache
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14
Q

What are the side effects of selegilline?

A

nausea, hallucinations, confusion, depression, loss of balance, insomnia, increased involuntary movements, agitation, slow or irregular heart rate, delusions, hypertension, new or increased angina pectoris, and syncope

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15
Q

What class of drug is Pramiprexole and ropinirole?

A

Dopamine agonist

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pramiprexole and ropinirole?

A

Binds directly to D2/3 dopamine recptors

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17
Q

What disease are pramiprexole and ropinirole used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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18
Q

What drugs can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

A 
L-dopa
selegilline
entacapone
pramiprexole
ropinirole
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19
Q

What class of drugs are barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

A
  • anxiolytics

- sedatives (hypnotics)

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of barbiturates?

A

GABA agonist at higher doses

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

A

Increases the efficiency of GABA to decrease excitability of neurons

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22
Q

What diseases do barbiturates and benzodiazepines treat?

A

Anxiety and insomnia

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23
Q

What class of drug is clozapine?

A

antipsychotic drug

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24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clozapine?

A

serotonin receptor antagonist

Binds to GABAb receptors

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25
Q

What disease does clozapine treat?

A

schizophrenia

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26
Q

What class of drug is fluoxetine?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluoxetine?

A

Prevents the re-uptake of seroronin at the post-synaptic membrane

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28
Q

What disease does fluoxetine treat?

A

Depression

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29
Q

What are the side effects of fluoxetine?

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • agitation
  • sexual dysfunction
  • hyponatraemia
  • sweating
30
Q

What class of drug is amitriptyline?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline?

A

prevent the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at the post-synaptic membrane

32
Q

What are the side effects of amitriptyline?

A 
Anticholinergic
sedation
weight gain
hyponatraemia
cardiotoxin effects
hallucinations
33
Q

What class of drugs are phenelzine?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of phenelzine?

A

Irreversible, non-competitive inhibitors of monoamine oxidases

35
Q

What disease does phenelzine treat?

A

depression

36
Q

What drugs treat depression?

A
  • fluoxetine
  • amitriptyline
  • phenelzine
37
Q

What drug type is paracetamol?

A

analgesic drug

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

inhibition of COX2

39
Q

What is the use of paracetamol?

A

pain treatment

40
Q

What class of drug are NSAIDs?

A

analgesic drugs

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

A

Inhibition of COX1 & COX2

42
Q

What class of drug is an opioid?

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioids?

A

bind to u receptors

44
Q

Name different medications used in pain

A
  • paracetamol
  • NSAIDs
  • tricyclic ANTIDEPRESSANTS
  • opioids
45
Q

What drug class are amphetamins and methylphenidate?

A

Psychomotor stimulants

psychostimulants in ADHD

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amphetamins?

A

Amphetamine exerts its behavioral effects by altering the use of monoamines as neuronal signals in the brain

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methylphenidate?

A

Methylphenidate primarily acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

48
Q

What disease is treated with amphetamins and methylphenidate?

A

ADHD

other use - mostly recreational

49
Q

What are the side effects of amphetamins and methylphenidate?

A

dependence

addiction

50
Q

What class of drugs are LSD, ecstacy and ketamine?

A

Psychotomimetic drugs

51
Q

What is the mechanism of action of LSD, ecstacy and ketamine?

A

drugs that affect thought, perception & mood, without causing marked psychomotor stimulation or depression

52
Q

What class of drug is tacrine?

A

cognition enhancer

53
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tacrine?

A

centrally acting anticholinesterase and indirect cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic)

54
Q

What is the clinical use of tacrine?

A

mostly recreational, previously Alzheimer’s but now stopped

55
Q

What class of drug is donepezil?

A

cognition enhancer

56
Q

What is the mechanism of action of donepezil?

A

Donepezil acts as a centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

57
Q

What is the clinical use of donepezil?

A

Alzheimers

recreational

58
Q

What class of drug is halothane?

A

anaesthetic agent

59
Q

What is the mechanism of action of halothane?

A

activates GABAa and glycine receptors

60
Q

What is the clinical use of halothane?

A

used to provide surgical anaesthesia

61
Q

What are the side effects of halothane?

A

irregular heartbeat, decreased effort to breathe (respiratory depression), and liver problems

62
Q

What class of drug is propofol?

A

anaesthetic agent

63
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propofol?

A

Propofol is believed to work at least partly via a receptor for GABA

64
Q

What is the clinical use of propofol?

A

used to provide surgical anaesthesia

65
Q

What are the side effects of propofol?

A

irregular heart rate, low blood pressure, burning sensation at the site of injection, and the stopping of breathing

66
Q

What class of drug is ranibizumab?

A

Anti-VEGF (monoclonal antibody)

Liscenced: £750

67
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ranibizumab?

A

prevent growth of new blood vessels

prevents growth of new fragile capillaries at the macula

68
Q

What disease is ranibizumab used to treat?

A

age-related macular degeneration

69
Q

What class of drug is bevecizumab?

A

Anti-VEGF (monoclonal antibody)

unliscenced: £75

70
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bevecizumab?

A

prevent growth of new blood vessels

prevents growth of new fragile capillaries at the macula

71
Q

What disease is bevecizumab used to treat?

A

age-related macular degeneration

Phase 2 7. Year 2 medication list (5 decks)

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