Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PsychGre > PhysPsych2 > Flashcards

PhysPsych2 Flashcards

2
Q

Franz Gall

A

phrenology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

First to study the functions of major sections of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extirpation

A

aka ablation, surgically remove various parts of prain to observe. Flourens did on pigeons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

William James

A

study how mind functioned while adapting to the environment, forming Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functionalism

A

studying how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

John Dewey

A

Functionalist, criticized reaction arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paul Broca

A

First to demonstrate that functional impairments could be linked with specific brain lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Johannes Muller

A

identified the law of specific nerve energies, states that each sensory nerve is excited by a type of energy (more important what part of brain stimulated than the type of stimulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

first to measure speed of a nerve impulse via reaction. credited with moving psych into a natural science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sir Charles Shrrington

A

first to infer the existence of synapses, except thought electrical (is chemical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory neurons

A

aka afferent neurons, from receptors to spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Motor neurons

A

aka efferent neurons. from brain and spinal cord to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

interneurons

A

most common of 3 types. linked to reflexive behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reflex arcs

A

Sensory neurons send pain info to spinal cord, interneurons immediately transmit info to motor, tell foot to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PNS

A

nerve tissues and fibers, connects the CNS to rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Somatic NS

A

sensory and motor neurons, transmit through afferent fibers (sensory, up) and efferent fibers (motor, down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Autonomic NS

A

regulates fight or flight (automatic functions). investigated by Walter Cannon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Hypes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Slows down, conserve energy. “resting and digesting”. Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hindbrain

A

balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestions, waking/sleeping (Vital functions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Midbrain

A

sensorimotor refleces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phelogeny

A

term for evolutionary deveopment in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Vital functions (breathing, digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cerebellum

A

Refined motor movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reticular formation

A

arousal, attention, and alterness, anesthetics work here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Superior v Interior colliculus

A

superior/visual input. inferior/auditory. responsible for reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory relay station (except smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

lateral, ventromedial, anterior. emotion during high arousal, aggresion, sexual, hormones, homeostatic functions (hunger). Fight or Flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Osmoregulation

A

maintenance of water balance in body peformed by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus (Walter Cannon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

hunger center. lesion/ aphagia (lack hunger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

satiety center, when you’ve eaten enough. lesion/hyperphagia (very hungry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

Sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

coordinates muscle movement. related to parkinson’s and schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Extrapyramidal motor system

A

sends info to brain and spinal cord about body position. helps make smooth movememnts, steady posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ventricles

A

fluid filled cavities in brain, link to spinal cord. abnormalities relate to schizophrenianegsocial withdrawl, flat affect, catatonic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

fills ventricles and spinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Limbic system

A

emotion and memory. septum, amygdala, hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Septum

A

akak septal area, primary pleasure center. inhibits agrression. discovered by James Olds and Peter Milner (rats preferred stimulation to eating)

41
Q

Amygdala

A

defensive and aggressive behavior. Kluver and bucy, bilateral removal/ KB Syndrome, hypersexual

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory and learning

43
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

No new memories, lesion to hippocampus. HM, stop seizures. Brenda Milner Case Study

44
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Prefrontal and motor cortex. Broca’s Area (normally left hemisphere)

45
Q

Association v Projection areas

A

Association/ combines input from many areas. projection/ receive incoming sensory info, or sen out motor commands (visual, motor cortexes)

46
Q

Parietal lobe

A

somatosensory cortex. also spatial processing

47
Q

Striate Cortex

A

visual cortex. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

48
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Wernike’s area (language reception and comprehension), auditory, language, memory

49
Q

Ipsilaterally

A

communication and action on same side of ody (rare, smell)

50
Q

nondominant hemisphere

A

interprets emotion of language, intuition, creativity, spatial,

51
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Roger Sperry, Michale Gazzaniga, split brain patients

52
Q

Neurons 4 parts

A

cell body (Soma), dendrites, axon, terminal buttons. Transforms chemical (between) energy to elctrical (within) energy and back

53
Q

Glial Cells

A

nonneural cells, specialized in insulating the axon w/ myeling sheath, speeds up conduction for impulses

54
Q

Dendrite v Axon

A

Axon myelinated, static, communication avenue. Dendrite changes, receives info

55
Q

Resting potentional

A

slight negative electrical charge in membrane (aka membrane potential). polarized at rest, neg70 millivolts

56
Q

ions

A

small ones pass through membrane. potassim inside, sodium outside but both move. sodiumnegpotassium pump retains resting polarization

57
Q

Firing of a neuron 4 stages

A

resting potential, depolarization, action potential spike, hyperpolarization

58
Q

Depolarization

A

increase to threshold potential, neg50 millivots, actual firing of the neuron. occurs at node of Ranvier

59
Q

Action Potential spike

A

rapid electrical pulse, positive charge of membrane (sudden influx of sodium)

60
Q

2 parts of Refractory Period

A

Absoluteneg depolarization, unresponsive to any stimulus. relativeneg post spike, strong stimuli can reach threshold potential

61
Q

Axon hillock

A

origin of action potential, where axon meets cell body, switch to all or nothing property from the graded potential of the cell body

62
Q

Presynaptic membrane

A

on the terminal button, facing the synapse, contains vesicles of NTs

63
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

on dendrite, facing synapse, receptors to receive NTs

64
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential. when NT creates a postsynaptic potential that makes the neuron more likely to fire (IPSP when less likely to fire). graded potentials

65
Q

Eric Kandel

A

aplusia, habituation causes less NT release, showed that synaptic transmission underlie behavior change

66
Q

Acetylcholine

A

trasnmits nerve impusles, linked to Alzheimers

67
Q

Catecholamines

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, domapine (also aka monoanimes/ biogenic amines). important in emotion expreience

68
Q

Norepinephrine

A

aka noradrenaline, controls alertness and wakefulness. implicated in depression (too little and mania (too much)

69
Q

Dopamine

A

role in movement and posture. located in basal ganglia. schizophrenia (too much or brain is over sensitive).parkinsons (LnegDopa increases dopamine)

70
Q

Phenothiazines

A

antipsychotic med, thought to reduce sensitivity of dopamine receptors

71
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

sideeffect of antipsychotic drugs, motor disturbances similar to Parkinsons

72
Q

GABA

A

produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, play a role in stabilizing neural activity

73
Q

Peptides

A

2 or more amino acids joined. endorphins and enkephalins, similar to morphine and opiates, natural painkillers

74
Q

Depressants

A

aka sedativeneghypnotic drugs, synergistic (additive, more means greater). benzodiazepines (valium) and barbituratesneg increase GABA.

75
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

chronic alcoholism, serious disturbances in memory. traced to vitamin loss in thiamin (Vitamin B1)

76
Q

Behavioral Stimulants

A

Amphetamines (mimic sympathetic NS). antidepressants

77
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

facilitate transmission of norepinephrine or serotonin at synapse (block reuptake of monoamines)

78
Q

MAO

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. inhibit MAO which normally breaks down norrepinephrine and serotonin

79
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Prozac

80
Q

Ritalin

A

aka Methylphenidates, treat ADD. increases alertness and decreases motor activity

81
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Thorazine, chlorpromazine, phenothiazine, haloperidol (Haldol). all schizophrenia

82
Q

Lithium Carbonate

A

Treat Bipolar

83
Q

Pituitary gland

A

anterior releases hormones and endocrine glands (controlled by hypothalamus)

84
Q

Androgens

A

critical male hormones, most important hormone is testosterone

85
Q

Gonadoptropic hormones

A

aka gonadtropins, during puberty, increase production of hormones, stimulating secondary sex characteriestics

86
Q

Female reproductive cycle

A

FSH hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen (release egg) and progesterone (prepares uterus)

87
Q

Wilder Penfield

A

stimulated brain parts with electrocodes, mapped different areas on surface

88
Q

rCBF

A

regional cerebral bllod flow. measured by PET, CAT, and MRI scans

89
Q

A.R. Luria

A

neuropsychological disorders, wrote early book on

90
Q

Apraxia

A

impairment in organization of motor actions, damage at associations areas that organize simple motor movememnts into voluntary acts

91
Q

Reticular formation

A

brainstem, keeps cortex awake and alert

92
Q

Sleep Wave

A

Beta/awake. Alpha/awak, eyes closed, relaxing. Delta/Stage 3 and 4. Theta/ stage 2

93
Q

Sleep Cycle

A
  1. sleep spindles. 2.theta waves, slower, K complexes. 3. slower, delta waves. 4. deepest sleep, steepest sleep spindles, delta waves. REM.desynchronized sleep/paradocical sleep. look like beta waves(all 90 minutes)
94
Q

James Lange theory of emotion

A

physiological reaction, then emotion

95
Q

Cannon Bard Theory of emotion

A

physiological and emotional naming occur simultaneously

96
Q

Schacter Singer Theory

A

aka 2 factor theory of emotion.emotion is based on interaction between changes in physiological and cognitive appraisal

PsychGre (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions