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Personality/Abnormal Flashcards

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1
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William Sheldon

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Early Personality guy, characterized people by body types (somatotypes), relating them to personality types

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2
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Endomorphy

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soft and spherical body

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3
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Mesomorphy

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hard, muscular, and rectangular body type

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Ectomorphy

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thin, fragile, lightly muscled body types

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5
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E.G. Boring

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historian of psychology, suggests changes in theories are due to Zeitgeist

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6
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Edward Tichner

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Introspection, formed/founder of structuralism

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7
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Sigmond Freud

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First comprehensive theory on personality and abonrmal, psychoanalytical theory

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8
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Humanism

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against psychoanalysis and behaviorism, notion of free will, people considered as whole not as responses or instincts

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9
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Philippe Pinel

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1792, improved conditions in asylums

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10
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Dorothea Dix

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helped improve hospitals

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11
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General Paresis

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delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, paralysis & death; learned due to syphilis..learned physiological factors could underlie mental issues

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12
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Cerletti & Bini

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1938, introduced electroshock to create seizures, thought would cure schizo

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13
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Prefrontal Lobotomies

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to treat schizo, 1930-1950; destroyed part of frontal lobe, made patients easier to handle

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14
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Antipsychotic drugs

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developed aroiund 1950, treated schizo, stopped shocks & lobotomies, huge advancement

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15
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Emil Kraepelin

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1883, textbook noting many symptoms of mental disorders occurred together–creted specific disorders; precursor to DSM

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16
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Psychodynamic theories

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psychoanalytic; Freud, Jung, Adler, Horney, Erik Erikson

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17
Q

Id

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functions according to pleasure principle, to relieve tension

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18
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Primary Process

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Id’s response to frustration under idea to attain satisfaction now, not later

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19
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Secondary Process

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Ego, reality principle, guides or inhibits activity of the id; like organization of id, recesives power from and independent from the id

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20
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Superego

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strives for perfection, 2 subsystems: conscience (punishment) & ego ideal (reward)

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21
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Eros

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Life instincts

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22
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Thanatos

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death instincts

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23
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Libido

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form of energy through which Eros is performed

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24
Defense Mechanisms
8:repression, suppression, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, regression, sublimation, displacement
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Suppression
deliberate, conscious form of forgetting
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Reaction Formation
repressed wish is warded off by its opposite (instead of torture, love)
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Sublimation
transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors
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Carl Jung
Archetypes, persona, anima, shadow, personality orientations
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Collective Unconcious
Freud, residue of experiences of early ancestors, common experiences
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Archetypes
thought or image that has an emotional element
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Jung's Unconscious mind
Archetypes and personal unconscious
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Persona
mask adopted by a person in response to the demands of social convention, archetype develops from social interactions standardized over time
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Anima/Animus
Archetype that helps us understand gender, based on behaviors
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Shadow
Archetype of animal instincts , responsible for unpleasant/socially reprehensible thoughts/actions
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Self
Person striving for unity, intersection between collective unconscious and conscious; Jung symbolized as a mandala
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Jung personality orientations
Extroversion & Introversion
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Alfred Adler's Theory
Focus on social variables and effect on unconscious factors; inferiority complex; creative self; style of life
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Fictional Finalism
Adler, motivated more by expectations of the future than past experiences; goals based on fictional estimates of life's values
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Karen Horney
neurotic personality goverened by 1 of 10 needs (affection, approval, exploit others etc) resmble healthy needs except: disproportionate intensity, indiscriminate in application, disregard reality, provoke intense anxiety
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Horney's Strategies
move towards people t obtain good will, fight to obtain upper hand, withdrawl from people-healthy is a balance, unhealthy results in basic anxiety
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Anna Freud
Freud's daughter, founder of ego psychology, focus on conscious ego
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Erik Erickson
Ego psychologist, expanded Freud to entire lifespan
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Object-Relations theory
object=symbolic representation of a signigicant part of young childs personality, examine internalized objects in joung children: Klein, Winnicott, Mahler, Kernberg
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Psychoanalysis
hypnosis, free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference, countertransference
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Dollard & Miller
behavioralists, blended some psychoanalytic concepts, focus on conflicting motives or tendencies
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B.F.Skinner
Condifered personality to be a collection of behavior that has been sufficiently reinforced to persist (personality=result of behavioral development
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Martin Seligman
Learned helplessnes, theory of depression
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Beck
CBT, fix cognitions
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Albert Ellis
challenge irrational believes
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Kurt Lewin
Field Theory, heavily influenced by Gestalt psych, personality constantly changing
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Abraham Maslow
humanist, need's pyramid: physiological, belongingness and love, esteem, &cognitive, last=self actualization
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George Kelly
humanist, people predict behaviors of significant others, an anxious person is having a hard time understanding variables around them
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Carl Roger
Humanist, client-centered/person-centered/nondirective therapy; client has free will, not troubled by unconscious or poor previous learning, unconditional positive regard
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Victor Frankl
Was in concentration camps, humanist, believes mental illness comes from life of meaninglessness
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Type V Trait Theorists
Type, characterize by personality types; Trait, ascertain fundamental dimensions of personality
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Type A/Type B
A= competitive & compulsive; B=laid back and relaxed; heart disease difference
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Raymond Cattell
Trait theorist, 16 basic traits via factor analysis
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Hans Eysenck
people fall within types, which are defined by traits; introversion/extro & emotional stability/neuroticism
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Gordon Allport
Trait theorist, 3 basic traits: Cardinal (organizse life around), Central (major, easy to infer), Secondary (personal, limited in occurrence)
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Functional Autonomy
Allport, given activity may become an end goal
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Idiographic/nomothetic approach to personality
Idiographic-focus on individual cases, nomothetic- focus on groups of individuals, find commonalities; Allport favored idiogrpahic
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David McClelland
Coined Need for Achievement (nAch)
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Herman Wikin
classified people by degree of field-dependence, make specific response to specific stimuli (field independence) or opposite (field dependence)
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Julian Rotter
Internal & external locus of control; internal= you control own destiny; correlations with self esteem, relates to attribution theory
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Androgyny
equally masculine and feminine, Sandra Bem
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DSM
5 axes. 1= list clinical disorder minus personality/mental; 2. personaly disorder &mental retardation; 3. potentially relevent medical conditions; 4. stressors; 5. judgement of overall functioning level
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GAF
Global Assessment of Functioning, used for measuring Axis 5 of DSM, 0-100
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Tourette's
charachterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics; periods of remission may occur
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Schizophrenia
previously Dementia Praecox; positive & negative symptoms;
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5 Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Catatonic, paranoid, disorganized, undifferentiated (unclear category), residual (only negative symptoms now);
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Double-Bind Hypothesis
Child receives contradicting messages from primary caregiver, learn their reality is unreliable; not highly supported
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Bipolar 2
Just hypomanic stages (no depressive); previously manic-depressive disorder
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Catecholamine theory of depression
again monoamine theory; blames serotonin & norepinephrine (too much=main; not enough=depression)
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Conversion Disorders
unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
multiple personalities, severe physical/sexual trauma as child
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David Rosenhan
Admitted, feiged hallucinations, acted completely normal but labeled ill
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Thomas Szarz
Critic of "mentally ill", simply different than the norm

PsychGre (5 decks)

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