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PsychGre > Personality/Abnormal > Flashcards

Personality/Abnormal Flashcards

1
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1
Q

William Sheldon

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Early Personality guy, characterized people by body types (somatotypes), relating them to personality types

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2
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Endomorphy

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soft and spherical body

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3
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Mesomorphy

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hard, muscular, and rectangular body type

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4
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Ectomorphy

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thin, fragile, lightly muscled body types

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5
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E.G. Boring

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historian of psychology, suggests changes in theories are due to Zeitgeist

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6
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Edward Tichner

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Introspection, formed/founder of structuralism

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7
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Sigmond Freud

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First comprehensive theory on personality and abonrmal, psychoanalytical theory

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8
Q

Humanism

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against psychoanalysis and behaviorism, notion of free will, people considered as whole not as responses or instincts

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9
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Philippe Pinel

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1792, improved conditions in asylums

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10
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Dorothea Dix

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helped improve hospitals

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11
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General Paresis

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delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, paralysis & death; learned due to syphilis..learned physiological factors could underlie mental issues

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12
Q

Cerletti & Bini

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1938, introduced electroshock to create seizures, thought would cure schizo

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13
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Prefrontal Lobotomies

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to treat schizo, 1930-1950; destroyed part of frontal lobe, made patients easier to handle

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14
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

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developed aroiund 1950, treated schizo, stopped shocks & lobotomies, huge advancement

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15
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Emil Kraepelin

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1883, textbook noting many symptoms of mental disorders occurred together–creted specific disorders; precursor to DSM

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16
Q

Psychodynamic theories

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psychoanalytic; Freud, Jung, Adler, Horney, Erik Erikson

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17
Q

Id

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functions according to pleasure principle, to relieve tension

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18
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Primary Process

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Id’s response to frustration under idea to attain satisfaction now, not later

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19
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Secondary Process

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Ego, reality principle, guides or inhibits activity of the id; like organization of id, recesives power from and independent from the id

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20
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Superego

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strives for perfection, 2 subsystems: conscience (punishment) & ego ideal (reward)

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21
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Eros

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Life instincts

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22
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Thanatos

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death instincts

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23
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Libido

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form of energy through which Eros is performed

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24
Q

Defense Mechanisms

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8:repression, suppression, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, regression, sublimation, displacement

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25
Q

Suppression

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deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

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26
Q

Reaction Formation

A

repressed wish is warded off by its opposite (instead of torture, love)

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27
Q

Sublimation

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transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

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28
Q

Carl Jung

A

Archetypes, persona, anima, shadow, personality orientations

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29
Q

Collective Unconcious

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Freud, residue of experiences of early ancestors, common experiences

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30
Q

Archetypes

A

thought or image that has an emotional element

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31
Q

Jung’s Unconscious mind

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Archetypes and personal unconscious

32
Q

Persona

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mask adopted by a person in response to the demands of social convention, archetype develops from social interactions standardized over time

33
Q

Anima/Animus

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Archetype that helps us understand gender, based on behaviors

34
Q

Shadow

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Archetype of animal instincts , responsible for unpleasant/socially reprehensible thoughts/actions

35
Q

Self

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Person striving for unity, intersection between collective unconscious and conscious; Jung symbolized as a mandala

36
Q

Jung personality orientations

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Extroversion & Introversion

37
Q

Alfred Adler’s Theory

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Focus on social variables and effect on unconscious factors; inferiority complex; creative self; style of life

38
Q

Fictional Finalism

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Adler, motivated more by expectations of the future than past experiences; goals based on fictional estimates of life’s values

39
Q

Karen Horney

A

neurotic personality goverened by 1 of 10 needs (affection, approval, exploit others etc) resmble healthy needs except: disproportionate intensity, indiscriminate in application, disregard reality, provoke intense anxiety

40
Q

Horney’s Strategies

A

move towards people t obtain good will, fight to obtain upper hand, withdrawl from people-healthy is a balance, unhealthy results in basic anxiety

41
Q

Anna Freud

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Freud’s daughter, founder of ego psychology, focus on conscious ego

42
Q

Erik Erickson

A

Ego psychologist, expanded Freud to entire lifespan

43
Q

Object-Relations theory

A

object=symbolic representation of a signigicant part of young childs personality, examine internalized objects in joung children: Klein, Winnicott, Mahler, Kernberg

44
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

hypnosis, free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference, countertransference

45
Q

Dollard & Miller

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behavioralists, blended some psychoanalytic concepts, focus on conflicting motives or tendencies

46
Q

B.F.Skinner

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Condifered personality to be a collection of behavior that has been sufficiently reinforced to persist (personality=result of behavioral development

47
Q

Martin Seligman

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Learned helplessnes, theory of depression

48
Q

Beck

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CBT, fix cognitions

49
Q

Albert Ellis

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challenge irrational believes

50
Q

Kurt Lewin

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Field Theory, heavily influenced by Gestalt psych, personality constantly changing

51
Q

Abraham Maslow

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humanist, need’s pyramid: physiological, belongingness and love, esteem, &cognitive, last=self actualization

52
Q

George Kelly

A

humanist, people predict behaviors of significant others, an anxious person is having a hard time understanding variables around them

53
Q

Carl Roger

A

Humanist, client-centered/person-centered/nondirective therapy; client has free will, not troubled by unconscious or poor previous learning, unconditional positive regard

54
Q

Victor Frankl

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Was in concentration camps, humanist, believes mental illness comes from life of meaninglessness

55
Q

Type V Trait Theorists

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Type, characterize by personality types; Trait, ascertain fundamental dimensions of personality

56
Q

Type A/Type B

A

A= competitive & compulsive; B=laid back and relaxed; heart disease difference

57
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

Trait theorist, 16 basic traits via factor analysis

58
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

people fall within types, which are defined by traits; introversion/extro & emotional stability/neuroticism

59
Q

Gordon Allport

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Trait theorist, 3 basic traits: Cardinal (organizse life around), Central (major, easy to infer), Secondary (personal, limited in occurrence)

60
Q

Functional Autonomy

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Allport, given activity may become an end goal

61
Q

Idiographic/nomothetic approach to personality

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Idiographic-focus on individual cases, nomothetic- focus on groups of individuals, find commonalities; Allport favored idiogrpahic

62
Q

David McClelland

A

Coined Need for Achievement (nAch)

63
Q

Herman Wikin

A

classified people by degree of field-dependence, make specific response to specific stimuli (field independence) or opposite (field dependence)

64
Q

Julian Rotter

A

Internal & external locus of control; internal= you control own destiny; correlations with self esteem, relates to attribution theory

65
Q

Androgyny

A

equally masculine and feminine, Sandra Bem

66
Q

DSM

A

5 axes. 1= list clinical disorder minus personality/mental; 2. personaly disorder &mental retardation; 3. potentially relevent medical conditions; 4. stressors; 5. judgement of overall functioning level

67
Q

GAF

A

Global Assessment of Functioning, used for measuring Axis 5 of DSM, 0-100

68
Q

Tourette’s

A

charachterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics; periods of remission may occur

69
Q

Schizophrenia

A

previously Dementia Praecox; positive & negative symptoms;

70
Q

5 Subtypes of Schizophrenia

A

Catatonic, paranoid, disorganized, undifferentiated (unclear category), residual (only negative symptoms now);

71
Q

Double-Bind Hypothesis

A

Child receives contradicting messages from primary caregiver, learn their reality is unreliable; not highly supported

72
Q

Bipolar 2

A

Just hypomanic stages (no depressive); previously manic-depressive disorder

73
Q

Catecholamine theory of depression

A

again monoamine theory; blames serotonin & norepinephrine (too much=main; not enough=depression)

74
Q

Conversion Disorders

A

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

75
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

multiple personalities, severe physical/sexual trauma as child

76
Q

David Rosenhan

A

Admitted, feiged hallucinations, acted completely normal but labeled ill

77
Q

Thomas Szarz

A

Critic of “mentally ill”, simply different than the norm

PsychGre (5 decks)

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