LearningEthologyPsych

Question 1

Thorndike

Answer 1

early functionalist/behavioralist, studied psychology of learning; developed law of effect- operant conditioning (if action causes annoying consequence, wont do same action)

Question 2

John Watson

Answer 2

Little albert, classical conditioning, white things (white rate)

Question 3

Clark Hull’s theory of motivation

Answer 3

aka drive-reduction theory, goal of behavior is to reduce biological drives (reinforcement occurs whenever a biological drive is reduced)

Question 4

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 4

observed animals in nature only; behavioralist

Question 5

Classical Conitioning

Answer 5

Pavlov, UCS, UCR, CS, CR

Question 6

Second order Conditioning

Answer 6

neutral stimulus paried with CS during second stage (same 1st); begin to have CR to neutral stimulus

Question 7

Sensory Preconditioning

Answer 7

2 netural stimui paired together, then one paired with a UCS–> results in CR to other neutral stimuli alone

Question 8

Robert Rescorla

Answer 8

contingency explanation of classical conditioning; as long as good signals, works

Question 9

Blocking Study

Answer 9

hissing noise, light as CS to shock (UCS); proved CS must provide useful, nonredundant info about the UCS

Question 10

Varied Response schedule

Answer 10

most resistant to extinction, results on most rapid response rate

Question 11

Shaping

Answer 11

rewarding for completing smaller steps of whole goal, aka differential reinforcement

Question 12

Implosion

Answer 12

same idea as flooding except just mentally image the phobia, based on classical conditioning

Question 13

conditioned aversion

Answer 13

used to remove undesirable behavior (fetishes, alcohol abuse); pair unpleasuse stimulus, paired with punishment

Question 14

Behavioral Therapies: Operant conditioning

Answer 14

contingency management: behavioral contracts, time-out, token economies, Premack principle (use more prefereed activity to reinforce a less preferred one)

Question 15

Thorndike argument

Answer 15

Believed all problem solving was a trial-and-error, not learning

Question 16

Wolfgang Kohler

Answer 16

Gestalt, disagreed with Thorndike, insight, chimps survey area to find way to food

Question 17

Edward Tolman

Answer 17

cognitive maps, rats in maze, not a stimulus response behavior

Question 18

Biological constraints

Answer 18

effect both classical & operant conditioning, different species have different inborn predispositiongs to learn things in different ways

Question 19

Garcia Effect

Answer 19

Sweet or bright-noisy water X Shock or Nausea; sweet water aversion when nausea AND bright-noisy water aversion when shocked (pair internal w/ internal etc)

Question 20

Kellet & Marion breland

Answer 20

attempted to train raccoon; Instinctual drift led to failure- fall back on instincts, cant learn

Question 21

Ethology

Answer 21

study of animal behavior under natural conditions, focus on species specific behavior not learned behavior

Question 22

Niko Tinbergen

Answer 22

introduced controlled ethology conditions

Question 23

Fixed Action Pattern

Answer 23

FAP, stereotyped behavior sequence that isnt learned by animal, complex; signaled by sign timuli: releaser=trigger interaction; supernormal stimulus-more effective model

Question 24

Innate releasing mechanism

Answer 24

Irm, mechanism in animals nervou system that connects sign stimuli with correct FAPs

Question 25

karl von Frisch

Answer 25

bees can show others where food is through dances

Question 26

E.O Wilson

Answer 26

Sociobiologist, modern ethology; genes and environment mix crease behavior