Physiology wk11

Question 1

what are the main mortality factors

Answer 1

obesity
smoking
low CRF (cardio-respiratory fitness), highest risk
hypertension
high cholesterol
diabetes

Question 2

immediate benefits of physical activity

Answer 2

less anxiety
lower bp
better sleep

Question 3

long term benefits of activity

Answer 3

brain/heart health
cancer prevention
bone strength
balance/co-ord
healthy weight

Question 4

what does 1 met refer to

Answer 4

your resting/relative vo2
3.5ml o2/kg/min

Question 5

what amount of physical activity needs to occur to see health benefits

Answer 5

150-350 mins of moderate intensity
75-150 mins of vigorous intensity

Question 6

what is the FITT principle

Answer 6

freq
intensity
time
type

Question 7

what is the additional version of FITT

Answer 7

fitt-vp, includes volume (freq x intensity x time) and progression

Question 8

what is an acute response

Answer 8

occurs within one or several exercise bouts but do not improve further

Question 9

what are rapid responses

Answer 9

benefits occur early and then plateau

Question 10

what are linear and delayed gains

Answer 10

l - small gains made continuously over time
d - occur after numerous bouts of training

Question 11

what are the thresholds in terms of mets for different bouts of exercise

Answer 11

low - 1.1-2.9 METS
moderate - 3-5.9 METS
high - over 6 METS

Question 12

why is HIIT better than MICT

Answer 12

more body fat loss
higher vo2 peak
lactate threshold
exercise ecnomoy

Question 13

when is cardiac arrest risk highest

Answer 13

in non active ppl but also when completing vigorous activity
working at near 100% vo2

Question 14

what are the recommendations to solve CRF

Answer 14

work at 60-80% vo2
work min 2 days a week

Question 15

risk factors for chronic diseases

Answer 15

genetics - age/sex/race
environmental - physical/socioeconomic/family
behavioral - smoking/diet/inactivity

Question 16

what % does inactivity have towards major diseases

Answer 16

approx 23 and 22% respectively for heart disease and cancer

Question 17

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 17

thickening of inner lining if arteries
causes stroke and heart attack

Question 18

risk factors for CHD

Answer 18

family
smoking
sedentary
obesity
hypertension

Question 19

what is hypertension

Answer 19

blood pressure of higher than 130/80
systolic/diastolic
normal = 120/<80

Question 20

what is post exercise hypotension

Answer 20

caused by extenuation of exercise-induced vasodilation
this from exercise paired with lower dose hypertensive meds will help hypertension

Question 21

how does exercise affect hypertension

Answer 21

exercise helps blood pressure by lowering resting SBP by 3-10mm Hg and DBP by 2-6 mm Hg

Question 22

what does obesity refer to

Answer 22

excess body fat and increased weight, measured using BMI

Question 23

what is at more risk due to obesity

Answer 23

CHD
stroke
hypertension
type2 diabetes
cancer

Question 24

why is inflammation so dangerous

Answer 24

causes pathological remodeling of blood vessel walls, results in plaque build up
causes vessels to rupture and leads to heart attacks and strokes

Question 25

why is obesity dangerous

Answer 25

promotes inflammation and accelerate disease process can release cytokines that are either inflammatory (IL-6/TNF) or anti-inflammatory (adiponectin)

Question 26

what do statin drugs do

Answer 26

lower LDL-C and CRP reduce cardiovascular disease

Question 27

what does a mediterranean diet cause

Answer 27

includes fruit, legumes, whole grains and olive oil reduced CRP and IL-6

Question 28

how does physical activity help

Answer 28

lower levels of IL-6

Question 29

what is metabolic syndrome

Answer 29

Metabolic syndrome is the medical term for a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension) and obesity

Question 30

individuals need 3 or more of what to have metabolic syndrome

Answer 30

over 102(m) or 88 (w) waist cm hypertriglyceride (over 1.7mmol/l in blood) low HDL cholesterol (less than 1 in m and less than 1.2mmol/l w) high bp inability to control blood sugar

Question 31

what causes metabolic syndrome

Answer 31

low grade chronic inflammation increased oxidative stress - increased production of free radicals causing cellular damage

Question 32

how to treat metabolic syndrome

Answer 32

reduce sedentary time increase moderate intensity

Question 33

what are some major differences between type1 and 2 diabetes

Answer 33

type 1: rapid symptoms development of ketoacidosis beta cells destroyed decreased insulin need injections

Question 34

what causes exercise induced hyperglycemia

Answer 34

not appropriate insulin prior to exercise

Question 35

what happens to glucose levels in type1 during exercise

Answer 35

sly increase in liver gly output major increase in muscle glucose uptake lower blood glucose conc

Question 36

signs of type1

Answer 36

frequent urination extreme hunger rapid weight loss, weakness and fatigue irritability/nausea

Question 37

what does high insulin lead to in type1

Answer 37

hypoglycemia -> insulin shock

Question 38

what does too little insulin do to type1

Answer 38

hyperglycemia and ketosis -> diabetic coma

Question 39

how to exercise and lower hypoglycemia odds

Answer 39

altering diet and insulin uptake alter intensity,freq,dur

Question 40

when do you need medical clearance to be active with diabetes

Answer 40

if you want to perform above 60% HRR

Question 41

what problems are associated with high blood glucose

Answer 41

autonomic neuropathy - abnormal hr/bp peripheral neuropathy -pain, weakness, less proprioreception retinopathy - blood pressure abnormalities

Question 42

how to diagnose type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

75g sugary drink consumed blood glucose and insulin levels tested for several hours

Question 43

how to reverse typ2

Answer 43

exercise and diet change if necessary diabetic drugs

Question 44

risks for coronary artery disease

Answer 44

smoking sedentary obesity hypertension dyslipidemia prediabetes

Question 45

what is the link between heart failure and exercise

Answer 45

exercise causes higher quality of life and exercise tolerance whilst decreasing chances of hospitilisation