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Physiology > Physiology wk11 > Flashcards

Physiology wk11 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main mortality factors

A

obesity
smoking
low CRF (cardio-respiratory fitness), highest risk
hypertension
high cholesterol
diabetes

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2
Q

immediate benefits of physical activity

A

less anxiety
lower bp
better sleep

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3
Q

long term benefits of activity

A

brain/heart health
cancer prevention
bone strength
balance/co-ord
healthy weight

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4
Q

what does 1 met refer to

A

your resting/relative vo2
3.5ml o2/kg/min

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5
Q

what amount of physical activity needs to occur to see health benefits

A

150-350 mins of moderate intensity
75-150 mins of vigorous intensity

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6
Q

what is the FITT principle

A

freq
intensity
time
type

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7
Q

what is the additional version of FITT

A

fitt-vp, includes volume (freq x intensity x time) and progression

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8
Q

what is an acute response

A

occurs within one or several exercise bouts but do not improve further

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9
Q

what are rapid responses

A

benefits occur early and then plateau

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10
Q

what are linear and delayed gains

A

l - small gains made continuously over time
d - occur after numerous bouts of training

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11
Q

what are the thresholds in terms of mets for different bouts of exercise

A

low - 1.1-2.9 METS
moderate - 3-5.9 METS
high - over 6 METS

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12
Q

why is HIIT better than MICT

A

more body fat loss
higher vo2 peak
lactate threshold
exercise ecnomoy

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13
Q

when is cardiac arrest risk highest

A

in non active ppl but also when completing vigorous activity
working at near 100% vo2

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14
Q

what are the recommendations to solve CRF

A

work at 60-80% vo2
work min 2 days a week

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15
Q

risk factors for chronic diseases

A

genetics - age/sex/race
environmental - physical/socioeconomic/family
behavioral - smoking/diet/inactivity

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16
Q

what % does inactivity have towards major diseases

A

approx 23 and 22% respectively for heart disease and cancer

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17
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

thickening of inner lining if arteries
causes stroke and heart attack

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18
Q

risk factors for CHD

A

family
smoking
sedentary
obesity
hypertension

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19
Q

what is hypertension

A

blood pressure of higher than 130/80
systolic/diastolic
normal = 120/<80

20
Q

what is post exercise hypotension

A

caused by extenuation of exercise-induced vasodilation
this from exercise paired with lower dose hypertensive meds will help hypertension

21
Q

how does exercise affect hypertension

A

exercise helps blood pressure by lowering resting SBP by 3-10mm Hg and DBP by 2-6 mm Hg

22
Q

what does obesity refer to

A

excess body fat and increased weight, measured using BMI

23
Q

what is at more risk due to obesity

A

CHD
stroke
hypertension
type2 diabetes
cancer

24
Q

why is inflammation so dangerous

A

causes pathological remodeling of blood vessel walls, results in plaque build up
causes vessels to rupture and leads to heart attacks and strokes

25
Q

why is obesity dangerous

A

promotes inflammation and accelerate disease process
can release cytokines that are either inflammatory (IL-6/TNF) or anti-inflammatory (adiponectin)

26
Q

what do statin drugs do

A

lower LDL-C and CRP
reduce cardiovascular disease

27
Q

what does a mediterranean diet cause

A

includes fruit, legumes, whole grains and olive oil
reduced CRP and IL-6

28
Q

how does physical activity help

A

lower levels of IL-6

29
Q

what is metabolic syndrome

A

Metabolic syndrome is the medical term for a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure
(hypertension) and obesity

30
Q

individuals need 3 or more of what to have metabolic syndrome

A

over 102(m) or 88 (w) waist cm
hypertriglyceride (over 1.7mmol/l in blood)
low HDL cholesterol (less than 1 in m and less than 1.2mmol/l w)
high bp
inability to control blood sugar

31
Q

what causes metabolic syndrome

A

low grade chronic inflammation
increased oxidative stress - increased production of free radicals causing cellular damage

32
Q

how to treat metabolic syndrome

A

reduce sedentary time
increase moderate intensity

33
Q

what are some major differences between type1 and 2 diabetes

A

type 1:
rapid symptoms
development of ketoacidosis
beta cells destroyed
decreased insulin
need injections

34
Q

what causes exercise induced hyperglycemia

A

not appropriate insulin prior to exercise

35
Q

what happens to glucose levels in type1 during exercise

A

sly increase in liver gly output
major increase in muscle glucose uptake
lower blood glucose conc

36
Q

signs of type1

A

frequent urination
extreme hunger
rapid weight loss, weakness and fatigue
irritability/nausea

37
Q

what does high insulin lead to in type1

A

hypoglycemia -> insulin shock

38
Q

what does too little insulin do to type1

A

hyperglycemia and ketosis -> diabetic coma

39
Q

how to exercise and lower hypoglycemia odds

A

altering diet and insulin uptake
alter intensity,freq,dur

40
Q

when do you need medical clearance to be active with diabetes

A

if you want to perform above 60% HRR

41
Q

what problems are associated with high blood glucose

A

autonomic neuropathy - abnormal hr/bp
peripheral neuropathy -pain, weakness, less proprioreception
retinopathy - blood pressure abnormalities

42
Q

how to diagnose type 2 diabetes

A

75g sugary drink consumed
blood glucose and insulin levels tested for several hours

43
Q

how to reverse typ2

A

exercise and diet change
if necessary diabetic drugs

44
Q

risks for coronary artery disease

A

smoking
sedentary
obesity
hypertension
dyslipidemia
prediabetes

45
Q

what is the link between heart failure and exercise

A

exercise causes higher quality of life and exercise tolerance whilst decreasing chances of hospitilisation

Physiology (13 decks)

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