Physiology wk10

Question 1

what is one of the main factors affecting aerobic capacity

Answer 1

genetics, decided vo2 max and fiber types

Question 2

what are the three key elements for aerobic performance

Answer 2

high vo2
superior exercise economy/efficiency
high lactate threshold and critical power

Question 3

what is the purpose of a warmup

Answer 3

• Increases cardiac output and bf to skeletal muscles
• Increases muscle temp and enzyme action
• Reduce risk of muscle injury

Question 4

what is the purpose of a cool down

Answer 4

return pooled blood into central circulation

Question 5

what are the three main training methods of improving aerobic power

Answer 5

1. Interval training
2. Long, slow distance
3. High intensity, continuous exercise

Question 6

what is critical power

Answer 6

a submaximal power output that can be maintained for indefinite periods.

Question 7

what is exercise economy

Answer 7

metabolic and mechanical factors influencing movement economy

Question 8

what is determined as your peak running velocity

Answer 8

highest speed that can be maintained for a period of time, this is inversely proportional to endurance race time finishes

Question 9

whats the purpose of hiit

Answer 9

Improved VO2 max, running economy, and lactate threshold better than low-intensity intervals.

Question 10

what are some injury risk factors

Answer 10

• Strength and flexibility imbalance.
• Footwear problems.
• Malalignment.
• Poor running surface.
• Disease (arthritis)

Question 11

what does isometric/static refer to

Answer 11

application of force without joint movement

Question 12

what is dynamic and isotonic

Answer 12

includes variable resistance exercises

Question 13

what is isokinetic

Answer 13

exertion of force at a constant speed

Question 14

what is the relationship between force and velocity

Answer 14

max strength = max velocity

Question 15

combining strength and endurance training may hinder performance depending on

Answer 15

• Training state of individual.
• Volume and frequency of training.
• Way the two methods are integrated.

Question 16

what is DOMS causes by

Answer 16

microscopic fiber tears in the muscle

Question 17

what is balistic stretching

Answer 17

• Preceding a static stretch with isometric contraction of muscle being stretched.
• Contraction stimulates Golgi tendon organ.
• Requires a training partner

Question 18

what is tapering

Answer 18

• Is the short-term reduction in training load prior to competition.
• Improves performance in both strength and endurance events.

Question 19

what are the types of periodisation

Answer 19

• Macrocycle – entire season/year
• Mesocycle – 2-6 weeks – target specific training goals
• Microcycle. - ~7 days – a focus block of training

Question 20

key concerns for female athletes

Answer 20

• Exercise and the menstrual cycle
• Eating disorders
• Bone mineral density
• Exercise during pregnancy

Question 21

what is athletic amenorrhea

Answer 21

cessation of menstruation, due to modified release of hormones from hypothalamus
causes:
overtraining
stress
low energy

Question 22

what is dysmenorrhea

Answer 22

painful menstruation due to prostaglandins, limits training due to discomfort

Question 23

what is anorexia nervosa

Answer 23

• Extreme steps to reduce body weight.

Question 24

what is treatment for anorexa

Answer 24

counseling
nutritional guidance

Question 25

what us bulimia

Answer 25

Pattern of overeating (binging) followed by vomiting (purging).

Question 26

what is osteoporosis

Answer 26

loss of bone mineral content

Question 27

what us the female athlete triad

Answer 27

low energy -> menstrual dysfunction -> loss of bone mineral

Question 28

whos more likely to get knee injuries

Answer 28

women, due to:
hormones in menstrual
difference in anatomy
nueromuscualr imbalance

Question 29

can ppl with type 1 diabetes train

Answer 29

if they can
* Are free from diabetic/medical complications (e.g. microvascular complications or neuropathy).
* Can obtain the same benefits as nondiabetics.

avoid hypoglycemia
inject insulin away from working muscle

Question 30

causes of sarcopenia

Answer 30

1. inactivity,
2. oxidative stress to muscle fibers,
3. inflammation
4. ↓ in anabolic hormones such as testosterone

Question 31

what age does endurance performance decline

Answer 31

after 60, due to less capillary density and mto volume

Question 32

what is one autonomic dysfunction you should look out for

Answer 32

Diminished supra-spinal sympathetic control to the heart and blood vessels

symptoms are:
pounding headache, blurred vision, facial
flushing, nasal congestion or stuffiness