Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > physiology Test 1 Set B > Flashcards

physiology Test 1 Set B Flashcards

1
Q

a fluid called sweat is secreted by a way of the ducts of sweat glands, through the epidermis of the skin onto the skin surface

A

sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

an increase in the rate of breathing in response to heat stress

A

panting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

many birds but not mammals augment evaporative cooling by rapidly vibrating their gular area while holding their mouth open

A

gular fluttering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

increases the maximal rate at which it can produce heat by sustained, aerobic catabolism

A

acclimatization of peak metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

an increase in the length of time that a high rate of metabolic heat production can be maintained

A

acclimatization of metabolic endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an increase in the animal’s maximal resistance to dry heat loss

A

insulator acclimatization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dissolved materials

A

solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

any and all movements of solutes or water across cell membranes or epithelia, regardless of the mechanisms of movement

A

transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fluid inside the cells

A

intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fluid outside the cells

A

extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fluid found between cells in ordinary tissues

A

interstitial fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

part of the blood other than the blood cells

A

blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the intracellular fluids, interstitial fluids, and blood plasma are often described as the

A

fluid compartments of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the maintenance of a constant or nearly constant osmotic pressure in the blood plasma

A

osmoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

line of equality between the blood osmotic pressure and the ambient pressure

A

isosmotic line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the blood osmotic pressure always equals the osmotic pressure of the environmental water and thus falls on the isosmotic line

A

osmotic conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the maintenance of a constant or nearly constant concentration of an inorganic ion in the blood plasma

A

ionic regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if an animal allows the concentration of the ion in the blood plasma to match the concentration in its external environment

A

ionic conformer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

regulation of the total amount of water in a body fluid

A

volume regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

completely passive changes of body fluid volume

A

volume conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

number of dissolved inorganic matter per kilogram of water -total concentration of all salts taken together

A

salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where ocean water mixes with freshwater

A

brackish waters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

any body of water that is partially surrounded by land and that has inflows of both freshwater and seawater

A

estuaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the change of water from liquid to gas

A

evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the portion of the total atmospheric pressure that is exerted by the water vapor present

A

water vapor pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

informal term referring loosely to the water content of the air

A

humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

air that has reached its maximum water vapor pressure

A

saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

any particular aqueous solution if it is placed in contact with air in a closed system, will tend to establish a characteristic, equilibrium water vapor pressure in the air

A

water vapor pressure of the aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

properties of tissues, organs, or whole animals that will never, in principle, be predictable from mere knowledge of molecules and cells because the properties emerge only when cells are assembled into interactively functional sets

A

emergent properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

separates the inside of a cell from the cell’s surroundings

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

examples are the endoplasmic reticulum, inner and outer membranes of each mitochondrion,, and two closely associated membranes that form the nuclear envelope

A

intracellular membranes

32
Q

carbohydrate chains bonded to cell membrane proteins

A

glycoproteins

33
Q

carbohydrate chains bonded to lipids

A

glycolipids

34
Q

proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

A

integral proteins

35
Q

noncovalently bonded to integral proteins or lipids but are not within the bilayer

A

peripheral proteins

36
Q

electrons are unevenly distributed so some regions are partially negative and others are partially positive

A

polar molecule

37
Q

electrons are evenly distributed and there are no charge imbalances between different molecular regions

A

nonpolar molecule

38
Q

lipids that contain phosphate groups

A

phospholipids

39
Q

a molecule that consists of a polar regions and a nonpolar region

A

amphipathic

40
Q

the two layers of the phospholipid molecules in any particular membrane know as the two____ of the membrane, typically are composed of different mixes of phospholipid molecules

A

leaflets

41
Q

individual phospholipid molecules are not covalently bound to one another therefore, they move relative to each other and are able to move about rather freely by diffusion within each membrane leaflet

A

fluid motion

42
Q

ease of motion of the phospholipid molecules in a membrane leaflet

A

fluidity

43
Q

a hydrocarbon with no double bonds

A

saturated

44
Q

a hydrocarbon that has one or more double bonds

A

unsaturated

45
Q

a membrane consists of a mosaic of protein and lipid molecules, all of which move about in directions parallel to the membrane faces because of the fluid state of the lipid matrix

A

fluid mosaic model

46
Q

integral proteins that span the membrane

A

transmembrane proteins

47
Q

permits simple or quasi-simple diffusion of solutes in aqueous solution or osmosis of water through a membrane

A

channel

48
Q

binds noncovalently and reversibly with specific molecules or ions to move them across a membrane intact

A

transporter(carrier)

49
Q

catalyzes a chemical reaction in which covalent bonds are made or broken

A

enzyme

50
Q

binds noncovalently with specific molecules and as a consequence of this binding, initiates a change in membrane permeability or cell metabolism

A

receptor

51
Q

attaches to other molecules to anchor intracellular elements to the cell membrane, creates junctions between adjacent cell or establishes other structural elements

A

structural proteins

52
Q

repeating structural patterns in a protein

A

domains

53
Q

a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or organ or lines a cavity

A

epithelium

54
Q

consists of a single layer of cells

A

simple epithelium

55
Q

the mucosal surface facing into a cavity or open space

A

apical surface

56
Q

the serosal surface facing toward the underlying tissue to which the epithelium is attached

A

basal surface

57
Q

composed of glycoproteins and particular types of collagen that the epithelium typically rests on, is nonliving sheet of matrix material, positioned beneath the basal cell surface

A

basement membrane

58
Q

exceedingly fine fingerlike projections of the apical cell membrane

A

microvilli

59
Q

a place where the cell membranes of adjacent cells are tightly joined so that there is no intercellular space between the cells

A

tight junction

60
Q

block the spaces between adjacent epithelial cells preventing open passage between the fluids on either side of an epithelium

A

occluding junctions

61
Q

a junction at which mutually adhering glycoprotein filaments from two adjacent cells intermingle across the space between the cells

A

desmosome

62
Q

the two adjacent cells lack cell membrane boundaries and there is continuity between the cytoplasm of the cells

A

gap junctions

63
Q

pores of gap junctions are formed by

A

connexin proteins

64
Q

in some cells the tight junctions permit extensive paracellular movement of certain sorts of molecules or ions and are described as

A

leaky

65
Q

based on the second law of thermodynamics which describes the behavior of systems. the state toward which an isolated system changes, that is it is the state toward which a system moves internally when it has no inputs or outputs of energy or matter

A

equilibrium

66
Q

having no inputs or outputs of energy or matter

A

isolated systems

67
Q

are capable of carrying material only in the direction of equilibrium

A

passive transport mechanisms

68
Q

can carry material in the direction opposing equilibrium

A

active transport mechanisms

69
Q

transport that arises from the molecular agitation that exists in all systems above absolute zero and from the simply statistical tendency for such agitation to carry more molecules out of regions of relatively high concentrations that into such regions

A

simple solute diffusion

70
Q

solution always in contact with the membrane and the concentrations of positive and negative charges are always equal

A

bulk solution

71
Q

permit the passive transport of inorganic ions by diffusion through a membrane

A

ion channels

72
Q

channels that open and close because the proteins of which they are composed are able to undergo conformational changes that cause their central passageways to increase or decrease the ease with which ions pass through

A

gated channel

73
Q

open and close in response to changes in the voltage difference across a membrane, important in generation of nerve impulses

A

voltage-gated channels

74
Q

open or close in response to stretching or pulling forces that alter the physical tension on a membrane

A

stretch-gated channels

75
Q

open or close according to whether the channel proteins are phosphorylated, under the control of protein kinases

A

phosphorylation-gated channels

76
Q

act both as receptors of extracellular signals and as ion channels

A

ligand-gated channels

Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions