Physiology Test 2 Set B

Question 1

communication and control systems within the body

Answer 1

nervous and endocrine system

Question 2

all glands that secrete hormones

Answer 2

endocrine system

Question 3

how are the nervous and endocrine systems similar

Answer 3

both allow physiological adaptation

both employ chemical messengers, receptors

Question 4

how are the nervous and endocrine systems different

Answer 4

differ in effective concentration of chemical messenger

differ in speed of onset

Question 5

control of the neuroendocrine system

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

neurohaemal organ is

Answer 6

axon terminals in capillaries

Question 7

CAMS

Answer 7

cytoplasmic adhesion molecules

Question 8

chemicals that are released and affect neighboring cells -stay in ISF

Answer 8

paracrines

Question 9

release chemicals that bind to receptors on the same cell

Answer 9

autocrines

Question 10

are intraspecific, sensed by members of the same species

Answer 10

pheromones

Question 11

produced by one species to benefit the other

Answer 11

kairomones

Question 12

metabolically produced chemical substances release by non-neuronal endocrine cells or neurons

Answer 12

hormones

Question 13

the sensitivity of a target cell to a particular hormone…

Answer 13

depends on the number of functional receptor molecules

Question 14

what are the three classifications of hormones

Answer 14

steroids
peptides and protiens
biogenic amines

Question 15

lipids synthesized from cholesterol

Answer 15

steroids

Question 16

are only around for a few minutes

examples are insulin, growth hormone, and ADH

Answer 16

peptides and proteins

Question 17

bonds that occur between the chains of peptides

Answer 17

systine bonds

Question 18

derived from amino acid tyrosine

Answer 18

biogenic amines

Question 19

examples of biogenic amines made from catecholamines

Answer 19

epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine

Question 20

example of biogenic amines made from iodothyronines

Answer 20

thyroxine

Question 21

these are synthesized and stored

Answer 21

peptides and amine hormones

Question 22

these are made from precursors and immediately secreted

Answer 22

steroid hormones

Question 23

what is in the adrenal medulla and what does it do

Answer 23

there are chromaffin cells that synthesize, store and release catecholamines

Question 24

three functional zones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 24

zona reticularis
zona fasiculata
zona glomerulosa

Question 25

where sex hormones are produced

Answer 25

zona reticularis

Question 26

where glucocorticoids such as corticosterone are produced

Answer 26

zona fasiculata

Question 27

where aldosterone is produced

Answer 27

zona glomerulosa

Question 28

resting level of hormone secretion

Answer 28

basal secretion

Question 29

tonic secretion increased or decreased in response to these four signals

Answer 29

nervous signals
neruohormones
hormones
conditions in the ECF

Question 30

released from one gland, effect release of hormones from another gland

Answer 30

tropichormones

Question 31

Anticipation of changes

secretion not modulated by consequences of secreted hormone

Answer 31

feedforward circuit

Question 32

changes elicit adjustment of hormone secretion

Answer 32

feedback circuit

Question 33

inhibitory effect of change on secretion

dampens hormonal response, maintains constant levels

Answer 33

negative feedback

Question 34

stimulatory effect of change on secretion

rapid responses possible

Answer 34

positive feedback

Question 35

CRH

Answer 35

corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 36

ACTH

Answer 36

adreno chortico tropin hormone

Question 37

three types of hormone receptors

Answer 37

intracellular receptors
G-protein coupled membrane receptors
enzyme-linked membrane receptors

Question 38

lipid soluble
cytoplasmic receptors
influence protein synthesis
slow, long lasting effects

Answer 38

steroids and thyroid hormones

Question 39

lipid insoluble
cell surface receptors
second messenger, effector proteins
rapid, short-lived responses

Answer 39

peptides/proteins and catecholamines

Question 40

internalization via endocytosis

Answer 40

down regulation

Question 41

internalization via exocytosis

Answer 41

up regulation

Question 42

connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 42

infundibulum

Question 43

two lobes of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex

Answer 43

neruohypophysis

adenohypophysis

Question 44

controls the function of the pituitary

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

two types of neurosecretory cells

Answer 45

nuclei linked to neurohypophysis

tropic nuclei linked to anterior pituitary

Question 46

neuosecretory tract contains two nuclei

Answer 46

supraoptic nucleus

paraventriuclar nucleus

Question 47

in charge of the secretion of ADH

Answer 47

supraoptic nucleus

Question 48

in charge of the secretion of oxytocin

Answer 48

paraventricular nucleus

Question 49

anterior pituitary has these three parts

Answer 49

pars tuberalis
pars distalis
pars intermedia

Question 50

posterior pituitary has these three parts

Answer 50

median eminence
indundibular stalk
pars nervosa

Question 51

tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 51

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 52

non-tropic hormones produced in anterior pituitary

Answer 52

growth hormone (GH)
prolactin (PRL)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 53

the three parts of the stress response

Answer 53

alarm phase
resistance phase
exhaustion phase