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Neuroanatomy 2 > Physiology of vision > Flashcards

Physiology of vision Flashcards

1
Q

optic nerve always…

A

on nasal side of retina

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2
Q

Photoreceptors are found… at

A

BACK of retina…

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3
Q

Neurosensory section of retina contains

A

Photoreceptors and above

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4
Q

The Retinal pigment epithelium is the

A

Second layer of the retina

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5
Q

Where is visual resolution the highest?

A

at the fovea (1.5mm diameter)

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6
Q

What are 3 reasons why resolution is high at the fovea?

A
  1. Anatomical structure (avascular, ONLY photoreceptors, ganglion cell axons divert)
  2. Types of photoreceptors
  3. Ratio of ganglion cells to photoreceptors
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7
Q

Key features of the fovea

A
  1. Center of macula
  2. Most detailed vision
  3. HIGH density of CONES
  4. HIGH ratio of ganglion cells to cones (1:1)
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8
Q

Ganglion cell axons go directly to fovea from which part of the retina

A

NASAL retina, whereas temporal part - divert around the fovea

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9
Q

Features of the cones

A

CLEAR and COLOR vision

  • used in bright light
  • visual acuity
  • CENTRAL at fovea
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10
Q

Features of the RODS

A

Monochromatic
DIM light
- PERIPHERAL

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11
Q

At the blind spot….

A

there are NO photoreceptors

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12
Q

What is the ratio of photoreceptors to ganglion cells for the entire retina

A

137:1

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13
Q

What is the ratio of photoreceptors to ganglion cells for the periphery of the retina

A

1000:1

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14
Q

What is the ratio of photoreceptors to ganglion cells for the FOVEA

A

1:1, each ganglion cell connected to ONE CONE

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15
Q

2 key features of the FOVEA pixel size

A

SMALL receptive field

SMALL pixel size

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16
Q

2 key features of the peripheral retina pixel size

A

LARGE field

LARGE pixel size

17
Q

Function of the RPE

A

provide ionic and metabolic conditions for the rods and cones

18
Q

What two nuclei drive the pupillary light reflex

A

Pretectal and EW nucleus

19
Q

Light from the RIGHT visual field will focus on

A

RIGHT nasal retina

LEFT temporal retina

20
Q

information from SUPERIOR RIGHT visual field goes to

A

INFERIOR RETINA, LEFT temporal meyer’s loop first, to BELOW calcarine fissure

21
Q

Information from INFERIOR right visual field goes to

A

To parietal lobe, LEFT primary visual cortex, SUPERIOR calcarine fissure

22
Q

Field loss respecting HORIZONTAL midline…

A

Retina/optic nerve lesion - one or both eyes

23
Q

Field loss respecting VERTICAL midline

A

Neurologic lesion - both eyes

24
Q

Axons in the fovea represent

A

HALF of the axons in the optic nerve, an tract and half of the geniculocalcarine axons

25
Q

As you get more posterior… visual field defect becomes..

A

MORE congruous

Neuroanatomy 2 (25 decks)

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