PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM - Regulation of urine volume

Question 1

What influences water reabsorption; as water is reabsorbed, the total volume of urine is reduced by the amount of water removed by the tubules?

Answer 1

ADH

Question 2

What does ADH reduce?

Answer 2

water loss

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), secreted by specialized atrial muscle fibers, promotes loss of what via urine; opposes aldosterone, causing the kidneys to reabsorb less/more water and thereby produce more urine

Answer 3

sodium

less

Question 4

What is urine volume related to?

Answer 4

Urine volume is also related to total amount of solutes other than sodium excreted in the urine; generally, the more solutes, the more urine

Question 5

Urine composition is approximately 95% water with several substances dissolved in it; the most important are? (there are 6)

Answer 5

Nitrogenous wastes
Electrolytes
Toxins
Pigments
Hormones
Abnormal constituents

Question 6

What are the following ions: sodium, potassium, ammonium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate called?

Answer 6

Electrolytes

Question 7

What is a result of protein metabolism?

Answer 7

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 8

The amounts and kinds of minerals vary with diet and other factors. What are they called?

Answer 8

Electrolytes

Question 9

Urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine are examples of what?

Answer 9

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 10

During disease, bacterial poisons leave the body in the urine. What is it called?

Answer 10

Toxins

Question 11

(especially urochromes)

Answer 11

Pigments

Question 12

High levels of this may spill into the filtrate. What is it?

Answer 12

Hormones

Question 13

What are Abnormal constituents? (4 things)

Answer 13

blood, glucose, albumin, and calculi