Mechanisms of Disease: Renal and Urinary Disorders Flashcards
What are the 4 Obstructive disorders?
Renal calculi
Neurogenic bladder
Tumors
Hydronephrosis
What are renal calculi?
kidney stones
What is a Neurogenic bladder?
(disruption of the nerve input to the bladder resulting in loss of normal control of voiding)
What is Hydronephrosis?
backing up of urine into the kidney due to some type of obstruction
What are the 3 types of Urinary tract infections?
Urethritis
Cystitis
Nephritis
What is Urethritis?
inflammation of the urethra
What is Cystitis?
inflammation of the urinary bladder
What is Nephritis?
kidney disease or inflammation of the kidney
What are the 3 types of Glomerular disorders?
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Edema
What is Proteinuria?
protein in the urine
What is Hypoalbuminemia?
low albumin in the blood
What is Edema?
tissue swelling due to the accumulation of fluid
There are 2 types of Kidney failure. What are they?
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
What is Acute renal failure?
abrupt reduction in kidney function
What is Chronic renal failure?
slow, progressive condition resulting in the gradual loss of nephrons
Which type of renal failure has stages and how many stages are there?
Chronic renal failure
3 stages
What is happening in stage 1 of Chronic renal failure?
(1) remaining healthy nephrons compensate by enlarging and taking over the function of the lost nephrons
(2) BUN (blood urea nitrogen test) is kept within normal limits even though up to 75% of nephrons are lost
What is happening in stage 2 of Chronic renal failure?
(1) kidney can no longer adapt to the loss of nephrons
(2) remaining healthy nephrons cannot handle the urea load
(3) BUN level spikes
What is happening in stage 3 of Chronic renal failure?
complete renal failure
