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Psychobiology > Physiology of the Retina > Flashcards

Physiology of the Retina Flashcards

0
Q

In regard to RODS ,when struck by light RHODOPSIN breaks down into _________ and ________.

A

Retinene

Opsin

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1
Q

The chemical found in RODS is _____________.

A

Rhodopsin

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2
Q

In regards to RODS, with further light exposure, RETNENE is converted to __________.

A

Vitamin A

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3
Q

In regards to RODS, the conversion of RETINENE to VITAMIN A is a ____________ reaction.

A

Reduction Reaction

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4
Q

In regards to RODS, in the DARK, OPSIN TRAPS ________ and it is CONVERTED to _________.

A

Vitamin A

Retinene

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5
Q

In regards to RODS, the process where OPSIN TRAPS VITAMIN A and CONVERTS IT TO RETINENE is a ___________ reaction.

A

Oxidation Reaction

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6
Q

In regards to RODS, with FURTHER EXPOSURE to DARK, RETINENE and OPSIN spontaneously RECOMBINE and form ____________.

A

Rhodopsin

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7
Q

In regards to RODS, when RETINENE and OPSIN recombine to FORM RHODOPSIN, the reaction ______________ and can be utilized to convert more __________ to _________.

A

Liberates Energy
Vitamin A
Retinene

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8
Q

The chemical found in CONES is __________.

A

Iodopsin

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9
Q

In regards to CONES, when struck by LIGHT, IODOPSIN breaks down into ____________ and __________.

A

Retinene

Opsin

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10
Q

In regards to CONES, with FURTHER EXPOSURE to LIGHT, RETNENE is CONVERTED into __________.

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

In regards to CONES, when RETINENE is converted into VITAMIN A it is a ___________ reaction.

A

Reduction Reaction

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12
Q

In regards to CONES, in the DARK, OPSIN traps __________ and converts it to ___________.

A

Vitamin A

Retinene

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13
Q

In regards to CONES, when OPSIN converts VITAMIN A into RETINENE it is a _________ reaction.

A

Oxidation Reaction

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14
Q

In regards to CONES, with FURTHER EXPOSURE TO DARK, RETINENE and OPSIN spontaneously recombine and form __________.

A

Iodopsin

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15
Q

In regards to CONES, when RETINENE and OPSIN form IODOPSIN, the reaction liberates _________ utilized to convert ________ to RETINENE.

A

Energy

Vitamin A

16
Q

In MIXED EYES containing both RODS and CONES, the _________ usually outnumber the __________.

A

RODS outnumber the CONES

Fig 6.9 p. 139

17
Q

In what THREE (3) ways do RHODOPSIN and IODOPSIN DIFFER?

A
  1. ) IODOPSIN RESYNTHESIZES from retinene and opsin at a much more RAPID rate.
  2. ) The SPECTRAL ABSORPTION CURVES are different.
  3. ) The OPSINS of the two are DIFFERENT.
18
Q

The OPSIN of RHODOPSIN is called __________.

A

Scotopsin

19
Q

The opsin of IODOPSIN is called ___________.

A

Photopsin

20
Q

True or False: all chemical substances absorb light in the same degree in different parts of the visible spectrum.

A

FALSE, they absorb light in VARYING degrees.

21
Q

The peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY for RHODOPSIN is around ___________.

A

500 millimicrons

22
Q

The peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY for IODOPSIN is around ___________.

A

560 millimicrons

23
Q

Utilizing the ___________ technique, it is possible to measure activity of individual GANGLION CELLS.

A

Microelectrode

24
Q

What are the TWO (2) kind of UNITS associated with GANGLION CELLS?

A

Dominators

Modulators

25
Q

These UNITS of GANGLION CELLS have BROAD spectral sensitivity.

A

Dominators

26
Q

These UNITS of GANGLION CELLS have a NARROW spectral sensitivity and only respond in a RESTRICTED part of the visible spectrum.

A

Modulators

27
Q

What are the TWO (2) types of DOMINATORS?

A

SCOTOPIC Dominator

PHOTOPIC Dominator

28
Q

SCOTOPIC DOMINATORS have a peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY around ___________.

A

500 millimicrons

29
Q

PHOTOPIC DOMINATORS have a peak SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY around ___________.

A

560 millimicrons

30
Q

What are the FOUR (4) MODULATORS?

A

Blue
Green
Yellow
Red

31
Q

BLUE MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.

A

475

32
Q

GREEN MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.

A

530

33
Q

YELLOW MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.

A

580

34
Q

RED MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.

A

600

35
Q

This occurs when MODULATOR UNITS show TWO (2) PEAKS, as though they represent the _________ of two DIFFERENT RECEPTORS.

A

Coupling

Psychobiology (25 decks)

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