Physiology of the Retina Flashcards
In regard to RODS ,when struck by light RHODOPSIN breaks down into _________ and ________.
Retinene
Opsin
The chemical found in RODS is _____________.
Rhodopsin
In regards to RODS, with further light exposure, RETNENE is converted to __________.
Vitamin A
In regards to RODS, the conversion of RETINENE to VITAMIN A is a ____________ reaction.
Reduction Reaction
In regards to RODS, in the DARK, OPSIN TRAPS ________ and it is CONVERTED to _________.
Vitamin A
Retinene
In regards to RODS, the process where OPSIN TRAPS VITAMIN A and CONVERTS IT TO RETINENE is a ___________ reaction.
Oxidation Reaction
In regards to RODS, with FURTHER EXPOSURE to DARK, RETINENE and OPSIN spontaneously RECOMBINE and form ____________.
Rhodopsin
In regards to RODS, when RETINENE and OPSIN recombine to FORM RHODOPSIN, the reaction ______________ and can be utilized to convert more __________ to _________.
Liberates Energy
Vitamin A
Retinene
The chemical found in CONES is __________.
Iodopsin
In regards to CONES, when struck by LIGHT, IODOPSIN breaks down into ____________ and __________.
Retinene
Opsin
In regards to CONES, with FURTHER EXPOSURE to LIGHT, RETNENE is CONVERTED into __________.
Vitamin A
In regards to CONES, when RETINENE is converted into VITAMIN A it is a ___________ reaction.
Reduction Reaction
In regards to CONES, in the DARK, OPSIN traps __________ and converts it to ___________.
Vitamin A
Retinene
In regards to CONES, when OPSIN converts VITAMIN A into RETINENE it is a _________ reaction.
Oxidation Reaction
In regards to CONES, with FURTHER EXPOSURE TO DARK, RETINENE and OPSIN spontaneously recombine and form __________.
Iodopsin
In regards to CONES, when RETINENE and OPSIN form IODOPSIN, the reaction liberates _________ utilized to convert ________ to RETINENE.
Energy
Vitamin A
In MIXED EYES containing both RODS and CONES, the _________ usually outnumber the __________.
RODS outnumber the CONES
Fig 6.9 p. 139
In what THREE (3) ways do RHODOPSIN and IODOPSIN DIFFER?
- ) IODOPSIN RESYNTHESIZES from retinene and opsin at a much more RAPID rate.
- ) The SPECTRAL ABSORPTION CURVES are different.
- ) The OPSINS of the two are DIFFERENT.
The OPSIN of RHODOPSIN is called __________.
Scotopsin
The opsin of IODOPSIN is called ___________.
Photopsin
True or False: all chemical substances absorb light in the same degree in different parts of the visible spectrum.
FALSE, they absorb light in VARYING degrees.
The peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY for RHODOPSIN is around ___________.
500 millimicrons
The peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY for IODOPSIN is around ___________.
560 millimicrons
Utilizing the ___________ technique, it is possible to measure activity of individual GANGLION CELLS.
Microelectrode
What are the TWO (2) kind of UNITS associated with GANGLION CELLS?
Dominators
Modulators
These UNITS of GANGLION CELLS have BROAD spectral sensitivity.
Dominators
These UNITS of GANGLION CELLS have a NARROW spectral sensitivity and only respond in a RESTRICTED part of the visible spectrum.
Modulators
What are the TWO (2) types of DOMINATORS?
SCOTOPIC Dominator
PHOTOPIC Dominator
SCOTOPIC DOMINATORS have a peak of SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY around ___________.
500 millimicrons
PHOTOPIC DOMINATORS have a peak SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY around ___________.
560 millimicrons
What are the FOUR (4) MODULATORS?
Blue
Green
Yellow
Red
BLUE MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.
475
GREEN MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.
530
YELLOW MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.
580
RED MODULATORS = ____________ millimicrons.
600
This occurs when MODULATOR UNITS show TWO (2) PEAKS, as though they represent the _________ of two DIFFERENT RECEPTORS.
Coupling
