Neural Communication

Question 0

Ca++ causes vesicles to fuse with ____________.

Answer 0

Plasma membrane

Question 1

These are the sites where NEUROTRANSMITTERS are SYNTHESIZED, STORED and RELEASED.

Answer 1

Synaptic Vesicles

Fig 4.7 p. 86

Question 2

These BRAIN WAVES have a frequency of 1/2-4 cps and are a characteristic of DEEP SLEEP. (SLOW WAVE SLEEP)

Answer 2

Delta Waves

Fig 5.9 p.107

Question 3

These BRAIN WAVES had a frequency of 4-7cps and they are found in TWILIGHT sleep, experienced upon waking or drift.

Answer 3

Theta Waves

Fig 5.9 p.107

Question 4

These BRAIN WAVES have a frequency of 8-12 cps and are involved in RELAXED WAKEFULNESS.

Answer 4

Alpha waves

Fig 5.9 p.107

Question 5

These BRAIN WAVES have a frequency of 13-30 cps and are involved with an ALERT WAKEFUL state found in REM sleep

Answer 5

Beta Waves

Fig 5.9 p.107

Question 5

These BRAIN WAVES have a frequency of 40+ cps and are associated with the highest state of focus.

Answer 5

Gamma Waves

Fig 5.9 p.107

Question 6

This method of EEG RECORDING requires one electrode placed over the BRAIN AREA and one placed on the EARLOBE.

Answer 6

Monopolar Recording

Question 7

This method of EEG RECORDING requires one electrode placed over one brain area and one electrode place over ANOTHER BRAIN AREA.

Answer 7

Bipolar Recording

Question 8

During SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, synapses impose a DELAY of ___ msec.

Answer 8

5

Question 9

What are the FOUR (4) steps of SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION?

Answer 9

1. ) DEPOLARIZATION of the membrane allows Ca++ to enter.
2. ) Ca++ causes VESICLES to FUSE w/ MEMBRANE
3. ) NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASED
4. )NEUROTRANSMITTERS BIND to RECEPTORS/ Na+ gates OPEN

Question 10

Synaptic/ Postsynaptic Potentials require a __________ neurotransmitter.

Answer 10

Excitant

Question 11

This is a GRADED POTENTIAL that can BUILD UP W/ EXCITATION, arriving SIMULTANEOUSLY from DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS. It is the COMBINED INFLUENCE of many neurotransmitters releasing at different locations on a postsynaptic membrane at a PARTICULAR TIME.

Answer 11

Spatial Summation

Fig 4.3 p. 80 and Fig 4.4 p.81

Question 12

This occurs with REPEATED EXCITATION and is the COMBINED EFFECTS of neurotransmitter release OVER TIME.

Answer 12

Temporal Summation

Fig 4.3 p. 80 and Fig 4.4 p. 81

Question 13

This is when the neurotransmitter makes the dendrites and cell body of a postsynaptic cell MORE PERMEABLE to POSITIVELY CHARGED sodium ions.

Answer 13

EXCITATORY Postsynaptic Potential m

Fig 4.2 p. 80

Question 14

EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL results in ___________ or __________.

Answer 14

Partial Depolarization or Graded Potential

Fig 4.2 p. 80

Question 15

True or False: it is easier to stimulate a postsynaptic cell with INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL.

Answer 15

FALSE, it is more DIFFICULT to stimulate a post synaptic cell wit INHIBITORY postsynaptic potential

Fig 4.2 p. 80

Question 16

During INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL the neurotransmitter _____________ the dendrites and cell body of the postsynaptic cell.

Answer 16

Hyperpolarize

Fig 4.2 p.80

Question 17

What is the FATE of a NEUROTRANSMITTER? (3)

Answer 17

1. ) STIMULATE or INHIBIT dendrite or cell body of another neuron
2. ) Be taken back into neuron from which it came
3. ) Be INACTIVATED in reaction catalyzed BY an ENZYME.

Question 18

DELTA waves have a frequency of ___ to ___ cps.

Answer 18

1/2 to 4

Question 19

THETA waves have a frequency of ___ to ___ cps.

Answer 19

4-7

Question 20

ALPHA waves have a frequency of ___ to ___ cps.

Answer 20

8-12

Question 21

BETA waves have a frequency of ___ to ___ cps.

Answer 21

13-30

Question 22

GAMMA waves have a frequency of ___ cps.

Answer 22

40+